| Abstract | 第10-12页 |
| 摘要 | 第13-15页 |
| Chapter-Ⅰ. Review of literature | 第15-31页 |
| 1. Biological control of plant pathogens | 第15页 |
| 2. Actinomycetes | 第15-16页 |
| 3. Streptomyces spp | 第16-22页 |
| 3.1 Antibiotics | 第17-18页 |
| 3.2 Mechanism of action of antibiotics | 第18-19页 |
| 3.3 Use | 第19-20页 |
| 3.4 Commercialization of biocontrol | 第20-22页 |
| 4. Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in China | 第22-26页 |
| 4.1 Management of Clubroot(Plasmodiophora brassicae) | 第23-26页 |
| 4.1.1 Resistant cultivars | 第23-24页 |
| 4.1.2 Fungicide application | 第24-25页 |
| 4.1.3 Bioloical control of clubroot | 第25-26页 |
| 5. Aspergillus flavus | 第26-29页 |
| 5.1 Ecology and geographical distribution | 第27页 |
| 5.2 Aspergillus flavus as a mycotoxins producer | 第27页 |
| 5.3 Pathogenicity | 第27-28页 |
| 5.4 Resistance to antifungal drugs | 第28-29页 |
| 5.4.1 Itraconazole | 第28页 |
| 5.4.2 Voriconazole | 第28-29页 |
| 5.4.3 Other antifungal agents | 第29页 |
| 6. Study proposal | 第29-31页 |
| Chapter-Ⅱ. Optimization of the medium composition for Streptomyces sp.3-10 | 第31-52页 |
| 1. Materials and methods | 第32-35页 |
| 1.1 Microbial strains | 第32页 |
| 1.2 Cultural media | 第32页 |
| 1.3 Bioassays | 第32-33页 |
| 1.4 Growth of seed cultures | 第33页 |
| 1.5 Optimization of nutrient requirement for isolate 3-10 | 第33-35页 |
| 1.5.1 Optimization of the carbon source | 第33-34页 |
| 1.5.2 Optimization of primary nitrogen source | 第34页 |
| 1.5.3 Optimization of second nitrogen source | 第34页 |
| 1.5.4 Optimization of the growth factors | 第34页 |
| 1.5.5 Optimization of the minor elements | 第34页 |
| 1.5.6 Optimization of the trace elements | 第34-35页 |
| 1.6 The orthogonal design | 第35页 |
| 1.7 Statistical analysis | 第35页 |
| 2. Results | 第35-50页 |
| 2.1 Effect of carbon sources on antifungal activity and growth of isolate 3-10 | 第35-37页 |
| 2.2 Effect of first nitrogen source on antifungal activity and growth of isolate 3-10 | 第37-42页 |
| 2.3 Effect of the second nitrogen source on anifungal activity and growth of isolate3-10 | 第42-43页 |
| 2.4 Effect of growth factors on antifungal activity and growth of isolate 3-10 | 第43-45页 |
| 2.5 Effect of Minor elements on antifungal activity and growth of isolate 3-10 | 第45-47页 |
| 2.6 Effect of trace elements on antifungal activity and growth of isolate 3-10 | 第47-49页 |
| 2.7 The orthogonal design | 第49-50页 |
| 3. Discussion | 第50-52页 |
| Chapter-Ⅲ. Optimization of cultural conditions to enhance the antifungal activity ofStreptomyces sp.3-10 | 第52-61页 |
| 1. Materials and methods | 第53-54页 |
| 1.1 Microbial strains, Bioassay and growth of seed culture | 第53页 |
| 1.2 Cultural media | 第53页 |
| 1.3 Optimization of cultural requirement for isolate 3-10 | 第53-54页 |
| 1.3.1 Inoculation volume | 第53页 |
| 1.3.2 Medium capacity | 第53页 |
| 1.3.3 Fermentation temperature | 第53-54页 |
| 1.3.4 Incubation time | 第54页 |
| 1.3.5 Initial pH | 第54页 |
| 1.3.6 Agitation rate | 第54页 |
| 1.4 The orthogonal design | 第54页 |
| 2. Results | 第54-60页 |
| 2.1 Effect of inoculation volume and medium capacity | 第54-55页 |
| 2.2 Effect of fermentation temperature | 第55-56页 |
| 2.3 Effect of fermentation time | 第56页 |
| 2.4 Effect of initial pH of fermentation medium | 第56-57页 |
| 2.5 Effect of fermentation agitation rate | 第57-58页 |
| 2.6 The orthogonal design | 第58-60页 |
| 3. Discussion | 第60-61页 |
| Chapter-Ⅳ. Optimized submerged batch fermentation for Streptomyces sp. 3-10 | 第61-71页 |
| 1. Materials and methods | 第61-63页 |
| 1.1 Microbial strains, Cultural media,Bioassays and Inoculum preparation | 第61-62页 |
| 1.2 Fermenter size | 第62页 |
| 1.3 Incubation time | 第62页 |
| 1.4 Fermentation runs | 第62-63页 |
| 1.5 Optimization of the carbon source | 第63页 |
| 1.6 Fermentation runs for 15 and 30 liters | 第63页 |
| 1.7 Yield calculation | 第63页 |
| 2. Results | 第63-68页 |
| 2.1 Effect of agitation speed | 第63-64页 |
| 2.2 Effect of the aeration rate | 第64-66页 |
| 2.3 Effect of temperature | 第66-67页 |
| 2.4 Effect of carbon source | 第67页 |
| 2.5 Incubation time | 第67-68页 |
| 2.6 Large-scale fermentation | 第68页 |
| 3. Discussion | 第68-71页 |
| Chapter-Ⅴ. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces sp. 3-10 againstPlasmodiophora brassicae | 第71-84页 |
| 1. Materials and Methods | 第71-75页 |
| 1.1 Microbial strains and cultural media | 第71-72页 |
| 1.2 Preparation of the AFS-containing cultural filtrates and the ethyl acetateextracts of isolate 3-10 | 第72页 |
| 1.3 Effect of the isolate 3-10 and the AFS on in-vivo clubroot development onoilseed rape | 第72-73页 |
| 1.4 Effect of inoculation time of different component of isolate 3-10 on P.brassicae development | 第73页 |
| 1.5 Effect of the different component of isolate 3-10 on germination of P.brassicaeresting spores | 第73-74页 |
| 1.6 Microscopy | 第74-75页 |
| 1.7 Stastistical analysis | 第75页 |
| 2. Results | 第75-82页 |
| 2.1 Efficacy assessment of isolate 3-10 and the AFS against clubroot undercontrolled conditions | 第75-78页 |
| 2.2 Effect of inoculation time of different component of isolate 3-10 on P.brassicae development | 第78-79页 |
| 2.3 Effect of isolate 3-10 on germination of P. brassicae resting spores | 第79-80页 |
| 2.4 Plasmodiophora brassicae development in oilseed roots under the influence ofisolate 3-10 | 第80-82页 |
| 3. Discussion | 第82-84页 |
| Chapter-Ⅵ. Antifungal potential of Streptomyces sp. 3-10 against Aspergillus flavus | 第84-102页 |
| 1. Materials and methods | 第85-89页 |
| 1.1 Microorganisms and media | 第85页 |
| 1.2 Antagonism of isolate 3-10 to A. flavus | 第85-86页 |
| 1.3 Effect of isolate 3-10 on growth of A.flavus in vitro | 第86页 |
| 1.4 Minimum inhibitory concentration | 第86页 |
| 1.5 Suppression of mycelial growth and AFB1 production by A.flavus in PDBusing isolate 3-10 and its AFS | 第86-87页 |
| 1.6 Antifungal activity on peanuts under storage conditions | 第87页 |
| 1.7 Effect of isolate 3-10 and its AFS containing products on AFB1 production | 第87-88页 |
| 1.8 Effect of isolate 3-10 and its AFS containing products on aflR and aflSexpression | 第88页 |
| 1.9 Scanning electron microscopy | 第88页 |
| 1.10 Transmission electron microscopy | 第88-89页 |
| 1.11 Data analysis | 第89页 |
| 2. Results | 第89-100页 |
| 2.1 Effects of isolate 3-10 on growth of A. flavus in vitro | 第89-92页 |
| 2.2 Suppression of mycelial growth and AFB1 production by A. flavus | 第92-95页 |
| 2.3 Antifungal activity on peanuts under storage conditions | 第95-96页 |
| 2.4 Effect of isolate 3-10 and its AFS containing products on aflR and aflSexpression | 第96-98页 |
| 2.5 Scanning electron microscopy | 第98-99页 |
| 2.6 Transmission electron microscopy | 第99-100页 |
| 3. Discussion | 第100-102页 |
| Summary and Future plan | 第102-104页 |
| 1. Conclusions | 第102-103页 |
| 2. Future plan | 第103-104页 |
| Reference | 第104-124页 |
| Dedication | 第124-125页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第125-127页 |
| 附件 | 第127-128页 |
