| Chapter 1: Introduction | 第1-26页 |
| Chapter 2: Forward Numerical Model | 第26-67页 |
| 2．1 Overview of low-frequency variations in the East Coast of the United States | 第26-29页 |
| 2．2 Governing equations of forward model | 第29-33页 |
| 2．3 Evaluation of the forward model | 第33-67页 |
| 2．3．1 Water level observations and surface forcing | 第33-49页 |
| 2．3．2 Simulations of subtidal water levels | 第49-57页 |
| 2．3．3 Experiments for total water level simulation | 第57-67页 |
| Chapter 3: Adjoint Model Equations | 第67-84页 |
| 3．1 Overview of adjoint variaional method | 第67-71页 |
| 3．2 Linearly discrete governing equations | 第71-73页 |
| 3．3 Cost function and control variable | 第73-75页 |
| 3．4 Discrete adjoint equations | 第75-81页 |
| 3．5 Optimization and iteration scheme | 第81-84页 |
| Chapter 4: Verification of the Adjoint Model | 第84-121页 |
| 4．1 Verification of the adjoint model code | 第84-92页 |
| 4．2 Identical twin experiments | 第92-114页 |
| 4．2．1 One control variable identical twin experiments | 第93-100页 |
| 4．2．2 Eight control variable identical twin experiments | 第100-114页 |
| 4．3 Effects of distribution of the observational stations | 第114-121页 |
| Chapter 5: Real Subtidal Water Level Data Assimilation | 第121-154页 |
| 5．1 One control variable experiment | 第121-128页 |
| 5．2 Eight control variable experiment | 第128-136页 |
| 5．3 sixteen control variable experiment accounting for x and y coefficient in eight areas | 第136-144页 |
| 5．4 Comparison of the results from real subtidal water level assimilation experiments | 第144-146页 |
| 5．5 Improvement of subtidal water level forecasts by applying water level data assimilation into nowcast/forecast system | 第146-154页 |
| Chapter 6: Discussion | 第154-165页 |
| 6．1 Consistency of adjoint model code with its forward model code | 第154-157页 |
| 6．2 Effects of penalty term and smoothness of control variable | 第157-162页 |
| 6．3 Future studies | 第162-165页 |
| Chapter 7: Conclusions | 第165-169页 |
| References | 第169-176页 |
| Appendices | 第176-178页 |
