| 摘要 | 第7-8页 |
| abstract | 第8-9页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第19-20页 |
| Chapter 1: General Introduction | 第20-25页 |
| 1.1. Context of the study | 第20-21页 |
| 1.2. Justification of the study | 第21-22页 |
| 1.3. General and Specific Objectives | 第22-23页 |
| 1.4. Thesis outline | 第23-24页 |
| 1.5. Technical route | 第24-25页 |
| Chapter 2: Literature Review | 第25-46页 |
| 2.1. Presentation of the sesame crop and its importance with emphasis in West Africa | 第25-27页 |
| 2.2. Major constraints of sesame cultivation highlighted drought as the most important abiotic stress in West Africa | 第27-28页 |
| 2.3. Molecular dissection of drought tolerance in crops | 第28-32页 |
| 2.3.1. QTL detection through linkage mapping and bulk segregation analysis | 第28-29页 |
| 2.3.2. Genome-Wide Association Study | 第29-32页 |
| 2.3.3. RNA sequencing | 第32页 |
| 2.4. Genetic and current available “Omics” tools for sesame improvement | 第32-46页 |
| 2.4.1. Genetic resources | 第32-34页 |
| 2.4.2. “Omics” resources | 第34-46页 |
| 2.4.2.1. Molecular markers | 第35-37页 |
| 2.4.2.2. Genome sequence resources | 第37-38页 |
| 2.4.2.3. Transciptome assembly | 第38-40页 |
| 2.4.2.4. Development of genetic maps and breeding populations | 第40-44页 |
| 2.4.2.5. Online functional database resources | 第44-46页 |
| Chapter 3: Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of sesame accessions from Africa and Asia as major centers of its cultivation | 第46-62页 |
| 3.1. Introduction | 第46-49页 |
| 3.2. Materials and methods | 第49-52页 |
| 3.2.1. Plant materials | 第49页 |
| 3.2.2. DNA extraction | 第49-50页 |
| 3.2.3. PCR and electrophoresis | 第50-51页 |
| 3.2.4. Scoring and data analysis | 第51-52页 |
| 3.3. Results | 第52-59页 |
| 3.3.1. Assessment of the intra-accession variability | 第52页 |
| 3.3.2. SSR polymorphism in the sesame accessions | 第52-53页 |
| 3.3.3. Allele variation among geographical regions | 第53-55页 |
| 3.3.4. Pattern of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships | 第55-56页 |
| 3.3.5. Analysis of Molecular Variance | 第56-57页 |
| 3.3.6. Population Structure | 第57-59页 |
| 3.4. Discussion | 第59-61页 |
| 3.5. Additional files | 第61-62页 |
| Chapter 4: Comprehensive screening of West and Central African sesame accessions for drought resistance probing by agromorphological, physiological, biochemical and seed nutritional traits | 第62-81页 |
| 4.1. Introduction | 第62-64页 |
| 4.2. Materials and methods | 第64-67页 |
| 4.2.1. Plant materials | 第64-65页 |
| 4.2.2. Experiment and stress treatment | 第65页 |
| 4.2.3. Data collection | 第65-67页 |
| 4.2.3.1. Plant growth and yield component traits | 第65-66页 |
| 4.2.3.2. Physiological and biochemical traits | 第66页 |
| 4.2.3.3. Seed nutritional traits | 第66-67页 |
| 4.2.4. Data analysis | 第67页 |
| 4.3. Results | 第67-76页 |
| 4.3.1. Overall variability among genotypes, water regimes and studied traits | 第67-68页 |
| 4.3.2. Effects of water deficit on sesame plant growth and yield relative indexes | 第68-71页 |
| 4.3.3. Physiological and biochemical responses of sesame genotypes to water deficit | 第71-72页 |
| 4.3.4. Relationships among the studied parameters | 第72-73页 |
| 4.3.5. Drought resistance ranking of the ten sesame accessions using integrated PCA score values | 第73-75页 |
| 4.3.6. Seed nutritional traits under well-watered and drought stress conditions in five sesame genotypes | 第75-76页 |
| 4.4. Discussion | 第76-80页 |
| 4.4.1. Drought avoidance and tolerance are required for resistance under severe water deficit in sesame | 第77-78页 |
| 4.4.2. Does drought resistance also confer higher maintenance of the seed quality in sesame? | 第78-79页 |
| 4.4.3. Important traits for efficient screening of drought resistance in sesame | 第79-80页 |
| 4.5. Conclusions | 第80页 |
| 4.6. Additional file | 第80-81页 |
| Chapter 5: Transcriptomic, biochemical and physio-anatomical investigations shed more light on responses to drought stress in two contrasting sesame genotypes | 第81-105页 |
| 5.1. Introduction | 第81-84页 |
| 5.2. Materials and Methods | 第84-88页 |
| 5.2.1. Materials and stress treatment | 第84页 |
| 5.2.2. RNA extraction and transcriptome sequencing | 第84-85页 |
| 5.2.3. Sequencing reads filtering and genome mapping | 第85页 |
| 5.2.4. Novel transcript prediction, gene expression analysis and differentially expressed gene detection | 第85-86页 |
| 5.2.5. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis | 第86页 |
| 5.2.6. Transcription Factor prediction of DEGs | 第86页 |
| 5.2.7. Validation of gene expression using q RT-PCR | 第86页 |
| 5.2.8. Root anatomy | 第86-87页 |
| 5.2.9. Relative Water Content (RWC) | 第87页 |
| 5.2.10. Measurement of protective enzyme activities in leaf samples | 第87页 |
| 5.2.11. Free proline, malondialdehyde and chlorophyll contents in leaf samples | 第87-88页 |
| 5.2.12. Statistical analysis | 第88页 |
| 5.3. Results | 第88-100页 |
| 5.3.1. Changes in root anatomy in response to water stress | 第88-90页 |
| 5.3.2. Biochemical and physiological responses to water stress | 第90-91页 |
| 5.3.3. Transcriptome variability in DT and DS and their relationships in response to progressive water stress and after rewatering | 第91-93页 |
| 5.3.4. Dynamic and gene enrichment for the DEGs between sampling dates | 第93-94页 |
| 5.3.5. Core gene set constitutively active in sesame responses to drought stress | 第94-95页 |
| 5.3.6. Specific DEGs to DT during drought stress period | 第95页 |
| 5.3.7. Differential gene expression between DT and DS | 第95-96页 |
| 5.3.8. Gene involved in sesame recovery from drought damage | 第96-97页 |
| 5.3.9. Major transcription factors involved in sesame response to drought stress | 第97-98页 |
| 5.3.10. Role of important phytohormones in sesame response to drought | 第98页 |
| 5.3.11. NF-kappa B signaling pathway is implicated in sesame drought response | 第98-99页 |
| 5.3.12. Antioxidant enzymes related genes operating in sesame drought tolerance | 第99页 |
| 5.3.13. Osmoprotective related genes functioning in drought responses | 第99-100页 |
| 5.4. Discussion | 第100-104页 |
| 5.5. Additional Information | 第104-105页 |
| Chapter 6: Insight into the AP2/ERF transcription factor superfamily in sesame and expression profiling of DREB subfamily under drought stress | 第105-125页 |
| 6.1. Introduction | 第105-108页 |
| 6.2. Materials and methods | 第108-110页 |
| 6.2.1. Data resources and AP2/ERF superfamily transcription factor identification in sesame | 第108页 |
| 6.2.2. Chromosomal location, Gene structure and Motif identification of AP2/ERF genes | 第108-109页 |
| 6.2.3. Alignment, phylogenetic analysis and identification of microsatellite markers in sesame AP2/ERF genes | 第109页 |
| 6.2.4. Comparative mapping of orthologous AP2/ERF genes in sesame, Arabidopsis, tomato and grape | 第109页 |
| 6.2.5. Tissue-specific expression profiling using RNA-seq and q RT-PCR analysis of AP2/ERF genes under drought stress | 第109-110页 |
| 6.2.6. Plant materials and stress treatment | 第110页 |
| 6.2.7. RNA extraction and q RT-PCR analysis | 第110页 |
| 6.2.8. Statistical analysis | 第110页 |
| 6.3. Results | 第110-121页 |
| 6.3.1. Identification and chromosomal location of the AP2/ERF gene superfamily | 第110-113页 |
| 6.3.2. Phylogenetic analysis and mapping of orthologous genes | 第113-116页 |
| 6.3.3. Gene structure and conservative motifs distribution analysis of AP2/ERF genes | 第116-119页 |
| 6.3.4. Tissue-specific expression profiling of AP2/ERF genes and drought stress responses of DREB subfamily genes | 第119-121页 |
| 6.4. Discussion | 第121-124页 |
| 6.5. Conclusions | 第124页 |
| 6.6. Additional files | 第124-125页 |
| Chapter 7: The genetic architecture of drought tolerance traits in the important oilseed crop Sesamum indicum | 第125-149页 |
| 7.1. Introduction | 第125-128页 |
| 7.2. Materials and Methods | 第128-133页 |
| 7.2.1. Sesame association panel and field experiments | 第128-129页 |
| 7.2.2. Evaluation of the drought related traits in the association panel | 第129页 |
| 7.2.3. Statistical analysis | 第129-130页 |
| 7.2.4. Sequencing and SNP identification | 第130页 |
| 7.2.5. Population genetics and GWAS analysis | 第130-131页 |
| 7.2.6. Transcriptome sequencing of sesame root under drought stress | 第131-132页 |
| 7.2.7. Expression profiling of candidate genes under drought condition based on q RT-PCR | 第132页 |
| 7.2.8. Yeast genetic transformation | 第132-133页 |
| 7.3. Results | 第133-144页 |
| 7.3.1. Marker distribution on the linkage groups and linkage disequilibrium | 第133-134页 |
| 7.3.2. Population genetics | 第134-135页 |
| 7.3.3. Phenotypic analysis of drought tolerance related traits in the association panel | 第135-137页 |
| 7.3.4. Identification of significant loci for drought tolerance related traits | 第137-140页 |
| 7.3.5. Mining of favorable SNP alleles and their pyramiding effects on drought tolerance in sesame | 第140-142页 |
| 7.3.6. Detecting candidate genes for drought tolerance related traits by integrating GWAS and RNA-seq results | 第142-143页 |
| 7.3.7. Si SAM and Si GOLS1 enhance drought tolerance in yeast transformants | 第143-144页 |
| 7.4. Discussion | 第144-148页 |
| 7.5. Additional files | 第148-149页 |
| Chapter 8. Conclusions and Recommendations | 第149-151页 |
| 8.1. Conclusions | 第149页 |
| 8.2. Recommendations | 第149-151页 |
| References | 第151-166页 |
| Acknowledgments | 第166-168页 |
| Author's Biography | 第168-173页 |
