| Abstract | 第7页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction of Indian Power System Blackout | 第14-17页 |
| 1.1 Introduction | 第14页 |
| 1.2 Approximate Model of Indian Grid | 第14-15页 |
| 1.3 Power Flow during Grid Disturbance | 第15-16页 |
| 1.4 Analysis of the grid disturbance on and Blackout | 第16-17页 |
| 1.4.1 Depletion of Power Transmission Network | 第16页 |
| 1.4.2 Frequency Control of System | 第16页 |
| 1.4.3 Load management on Gwalior-Bina Line | 第16页 |
| 1.4.4 Flaws in Protection Schemes | 第16-17页 |
| Chapter 2 Study of System under Different Cases and Solutions | 第17-28页 |
| 2.1 Case Ⅰ:Improvement in system frequency and rotor angle change because of change of Power generation in Northern Grid | 第17-20页 |
| 2.1.1 Installed capacity of Northern,Eastern and Western Regions | 第17页 |
| 2.1.2 Pre-Disturbance Conditions of Northern,Eastern and Western Regions | 第17-18页 |
| 2.1.3 Grid Frequency Prior to Disturbance | 第18页 |
| 2.1.4 Improvement in system frequency because of change of Power generation in Northern Grid | 第18-20页 |
| 2.1.4.1 Northern Region 100% thermal generation capacity | 第18-19页 |
| 2.1.4.2 Northern Region 115% thermal generation capacity | 第19页 |
| 2.1.4.3 Northern Region 130% thermal generation capacity | 第19页 |
| 2.1.4.4 Northern Region 140% thermal generation capacity | 第19-20页 |
| 2.1.4.5 Northern Region 150% thermal generation capacity | 第20页 |
| 2.2 Case 2:Increase in Northern region thermal generation and rotor angle disturbance | 第20-22页 |
| 2.2.1 Northern region Rotor angle at 100% thermal capacity | 第20-21页 |
| 2.2.2 Northern Region Rotor angle at 115% thermal capacity | 第21页 |
| 2.2.3 Northern Region Rotor angle at 130% thermal capacity | 第21-22页 |
| 2.3 Case Ⅱ | 第22-26页 |
| 2.3.1 Grid Frequency Prior to Disturbance | 第22页 |
| 2.3.2 Improvement in system frequency because of change of Wind Generation in Western Grid | 第22-24页 |
| 2.3.3 Change in rotor angle because of change of Wind Generation in Western Grid | 第24-26页 |
| 2.4 Case Ⅲ Tripping of Gwalior-Bina Line and System Blackout | 第26-27页 |
| 2.5 Conclusion | 第27-28页 |
| Chapter 3 Zone Three Protection | 第28-41页 |
| 3.1 Distance relay setting of northern region and western region line | 第28-29页 |
| 3.2 Power Swing Detection Algorithm | 第29-30页 |
| 3.2.1 System Operation under Normal Conditions | 第29页 |
| 3.2.2 System Operation under Power Swing | 第29-30页 |
| 3.3 Simulation Results Under Normal Conditions and Power Swing | 第30-33页 |
| 3.4 Synchronous Fault Detection Algorithm | 第33-34页 |
| 3.4.1 Parameters in Algorithm | 第33-34页 |
| 3.5 Simulation Results | 第34-36页 |
| 3.6 Asynchronous Fault Detection Algorithm | 第36-37页 |
| 3.7 Simulation Results | 第37-40页 |
| 3.7.1 Condition I | 第37-38页 |
| 3.7.2 Condition II | 第38-39页 |
| 3.7.3 Condition III | 第39页 |
| 3.7.4 Voltage waveform from 1.0-3.0 | 第39-40页 |
| 3.7.5 Current waveform from 1.0-3.0 | 第40页 |
| 3.8 Conclusion | 第40-41页 |
| Chapter 4 Advance Scheme to Avoid Blackout | 第41-51页 |
| 4.1 Power Swing Detection Algorithm | 第41页 |
| 4.2 Simulation Results | 第41-44页 |
| 4.2.1 VCosfi<5%~*Vn for t<0.1 sec | 第41-43页 |
| 4.2.2 K2~*I1>I I0+I2 I | 第43-44页 |
| 4.3 Three Phase Fault Detection Algorithm | 第44-45页 |
| 4.4 Simulation Results | 第45-47页 |
| 4.4.1 5%~*Vn>VnCosfi for t>0.5 sec | 第45-46页 |
| 4.4.2 K2~*I1>I I0+I2 I | 第46-47页 |
| 4.5 Unbalanced Fault Detection Algorithm | 第47-48页 |
| 4.6 Simulation Results | 第48-51页 |
| 4.6.1 I I0+I2 I>K1~*I1 | 第48-51页 |
| Chapter 5 Other factors of blackout and Solutions | 第51-55页 |
| 5.1 Causes | 第51页 |
| 5.1.1 High loading | 第51页 |
| 5.1.2 Poor load shedding techniques | 第51页 |
| 5.1.3 Relays settings specifically zone 3 | 第51页 |
| 5.2 Solutions | 第51-54页 |
| 5.2.1 System should include more generation capacity | 第51页 |
| 5.2.2 Reactive Power Compensation | 第51页 |
| 5.2.3 Efficient load shedding | 第51-52页 |
| 5.2.4 Relay settings of zone 3 | 第52页 |
| 5.2.5 Frequency control through generation reserves | 第52页 |
| 5.2.6 Development of Intra-State transmission system | 第52页 |
| 5.2.7 Startup time for generators | 第52-53页 |
| 5.2.8 Total transfer capability of system based on changing conditions of system | 第53页 |
| 5.2.9 Implementation of Special Protection System(SPS) | 第53页 |
| 5.2.10 ynchrophasor based measurements from PMUs should be used for protection systems | 第53-54页 |
| 5.3 Conclusion | 第54-55页 |
| References | 第55页 |
