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利用DNA标记研究尼泊尔绵羊遗传多样性、分化及其亲缘关系

摘要第8-11页
ABSTRACT第11-13页
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS第23-25页
CHAPTER I第25-65页
    1.1 INTRODUCTION第25-32页
        1.1.1 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis and maternal origin第27-28页
        1.1.2 Y-chromosome analyses and paternal origin第28-29页
        1.1.3 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) variation in whole genome using IlluminaOvine SNP50 Beadchip第29-32页
    1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES第32-33页
        1.2.1 GOAL OF THE PROJECT第32页
        1.2.2 SPECIFIC PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT第32-33页
    Chapter I Part I DOMESTICATION OF SHEEP – MINI REVIEW第33-47页
    Chapter I Part II BIODIVERSITY OF SHEEP IN NEPAL – REVIEW第47-65页
CHAPTER II MATERIALS AND METHODS第65-80页
    2.1 Population sampling第65-67页
    2.2 Materials第67-69页
        2.2.1 Equipment and Consumables第67-68页
        2.2.2 Chemicals第68页
        2.2.3 Enzymes第68页
        2.2.4 PCR Cloning Kit第68-69页
    2.3 Methodology第69-73页
        2.3.2 Isolation and extraction of genomic DNA第69-70页
        2.3.3 DNA Concentration and Quality Determination第70-71页
        2.3.5 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification第71-72页
        2.3.6 PCR quality determination第72页
        2.3.7 Cloning procedure第72-73页
    2.4 Statistical Analysis第73-80页
        2.4.1 mt DNA and Y-chromosome polymorphism analyses第73-76页
            2.4.1.1 Neighbor joining (NJ) tree第73页
            2.4.1.2 Median joining (MJ) network第73-74页
            2.4.1.3 Nucleotide diversity (π)第74-75页
            2.4.1.4 Haplotype diversity (Hd)第75页
            2.4.1.5 FST values第75-76页
        2.4.2 Nuclear polymorphism analyses第76-80页
            2.4.2.1 Genetic diversity第76-77页
            2.4.2.2 Genetic relationship between populations第77-80页
                Construction of phylogeny第77页
                Principal component analysis (PCA)第77-78页
                Standardized variance in allele frequencies among populations (FST)第78-79页
                Population structure第79-80页
CHAPTER III Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Nepalese indigenous sheep (Ovis aries) breeds revealed theirmaternal origins: Nepal as a bridge between Southward flow for Lineage C第80-99页
    ABSTRACT第81-82页
    3.1 INTRODUCTION第82-83页
    3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第83-87页
        3.2.1 Population sampling第83-84页
        3.2.2 DNA amplification and sequencing第84-85页
        3.2.3 Analysis of sequence data第85-87页
    3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION第87-97页
        3.3.1 mt DNA sequence variation第87-88页
        3.3.2 Population structure第88-90页
        3.3.3 Haplogroup identification and phylogenetic analysis第90-95页
        3.3.4 Genetic diversity第95-97页
    3.4 CONCLUSION第97-98页
    Acknowledgement第98-99页
CHAPTER IV High occurrence of mitochondrial heteroplasmy in Nepalese indigenous sheep (Ovis aries) compared to Chinese sheep第99-113页
    ABSTRACT第100-101页
    4.1 INTRODUCTION第101-102页
    4.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS第102-105页
        4.2.1 DNA extraction, amplification and direct sequencing of control region of mitochondrialgenome第102-103页
        4.2.2 Electrophoresis of PCR Products第103-104页
        4.2.3 Cloning and sequencing第104页
        4.2.4 Data analysis第104-105页
    4.3 RESULTS第105-108页
        4.3.1 Mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) sequence variation第105-106页
        4.3.2 Length polymorphism and heteroplasmy第106-108页
    4.4 DISCUSSION第108-111页
        4.4.1 Length polymorphism and heteroplasmy第108-110页
        4.4.2 Population genetics of heteroplasmy and mt DNA sizes第110-111页
    4.5 CONCLUSION第111-112页
    Acknowledgements第112-113页
CHAPTER V Y-chromosomal diversity on indigenous sheep (Ovis aries) breeds in Nepal: comparison withdomestic and wild sheep第113-130页
    ABSTRACT第114-115页
    5.1 INTRODUCTION第115-118页
    5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第118-121页
        5.2.1 Samples, material analysed and DNA extraction第118-119页
        5.2.2 Re-sequencing the SRY region第119-120页
        5.2.3 Data analyses第120-121页
    5.3 RESULTS第121-128页
        5.3.1 Sequence architecture of microsatellite SRYM18第121-123页
        5.3.2 Sequence variation of 5’ promoter region of Y chromosome in Nepalese domestic sheep第123-125页
        5.3.3 Sequence variation of 5’ promoter region of Y chromosome in wild sheep, Argali第125-128页
    5.4 DISCUSSION第128-129页
    5.5 CONCLUSION第129-130页
CHAPTER VI Genomic diversity of Nepalese indigenous sheep: Population variation revealed localadaptation in high-altitude sheep第130-154页
    ABSTRACT第131-132页
    6.1 INTRODUCTION第132-134页
    6.2 Materials and Methods第134-137页
        6.2.1 Samples第134-135页
        6.2.2 Genotyping and data quality control第135-136页
        6.2.3 Genetic structure and variation第136页
        6.2.4 Detection of selective signals in high-altitude sheep (Genetic basis of differentiation)第136-137页
        6.2.5 Verification of SNP variations in the sheep populations with respect to the de novohigh-altitude adaptation genes第137页
    6.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION第137-154页
        6.3.1 Construction of an ovine SNP array and data filtering第137-138页
        6.3.2 Population genetic analyses第138-146页
        6.3.3 Signature of selection associated with high altitude第146-149页
        6.3.4 Putative candidate genes for high-altitude adaptation第149-151页
        6.3.5 Genotyping for SNP variation in XXX-7 gene among the lowland and highland breeds第151-154页
CHAPTER VII GENERAL DISCUSSION第154-161页
    7.1 INTRODUCTION第154页
    7.2 Major findings in current research第154-158页
        7.2.1 Genetic diversity of the Nepalese sheep第154-156页
        7.2.2 Genetic basis for the origin of the Nepalese indigenous sheep第156页
        7.2.3 Genetic relationship of the Nepalese indigenous sheep第156-157页
        7.2.4 Genetic basis for the unique high-altitude adaptation characteristics of Nepalese sheep ..第157-158页
    7.3 Future directions/ Prospects第158-161页
CHAPTER VIII CONCLUSION第161-164页
APPENDIX第164-174页
REFERENCES第174-198页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第198-202页
CURRICULUM VITAE第202-205页

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