| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract(English) | 第5-8页 |
| Abstract(Chinese) | 第8-12页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第12-16页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature review | 第16-23页 |
| ·The origin of -ing verb form | 第16-18页 |
| ·Traditional, prescriptive and descriptive grammar | 第18-20页 |
| ·Modern linguistic analyses of English non-finite verb form and others | 第20-22页 |
| ·Related studies on this topic in China | 第22-23页 |
| Chapter 3 Necessity to distinguish non-finite -ing forms from the perspective of language cognitive environment | 第23-29页 |
| ·Language acquisition and language learning | 第23-24页 |
| ·Different cognitive environments between ESL and EFL | 第24-26页 |
| ·Necessity to fix and standardize the terms of non-finite -ing form | 第26-29页 |
| Chapter 4 Comparative analyses on non-finite -ing forms from the perspective of syntactic functions | 第29-45页 |
| ·Traditional gerund | 第30-37页 |
| ·Syntactic functions of traditional gerund | 第30-31页 |
| ·Number concerning with traditional gerund | 第31-32页 |
| ·Three basic forms of traditional gerund | 第32-33页 |
| ·Traditional gerund usually with determiners or modifiers | 第33-34页 |
| ·Case of traditional gerund | 第34-36页 |
| ·Negative form and expanded forms of traditional gerund | 第36-37页 |
| ·-Ing participle | 第37-45页 |
| ·Syntactic functions of -ing participle | 第38-41页 |
| ·Classification of -ing participle | 第41-43页 |
| ·Gradability of -ing participle | 第43页 |
| ·Expanded forms of-ing participle | 第43-45页 |
| Chapter 5 Semantic analyses on non-finite -ing forms | 第45-52页 |
| ·Distinguish -ing form with predominant subject | 第45-47页 |
| ·Genitive required | 第45-46页 |
| ·Genitive excluded | 第46页 |
| ·Genitive optional | 第46-47页 |
| ·Distinguish -ing form without predominant subject | 第47-48页 |
| ·Stative or dynamic | 第48-49页 |
| ·Narrative or descriptive | 第49-52页 |
| Chapter 6 Effective ways to clarify the ambiguity of non-finite -ing forms | 第52-60页 |
| ·Fuzzy grammatical explanations | 第52-53页 |
| ·Dangling -ing form | 第53-56页 |
| ·Dangling gerund phrase | 第53-54页 |
| ·Dangling -ing participle | 第54-56页 |
| ·Noun resembling gerund | 第56-57页 |
| ·Adjective resembling -ing participle | 第57-60页 |
| Chapter 7 Conclusion | 第60-62页 |
| Bibliography | 第62-67页 |
