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Effectiveness of Plant-derived Essential Oils and Their Chemical Components Against Greenhouse, Stored Grain, and Household Pests

ABSTRACT第9-13页
摘要第14-17页
1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION第17-29页
    1.1. Plant-based essential oils第17页
    1.2. Use of essential oils in pest control第17-18页
    1.3. Greenhouse Insect and Mite Pests第18-21页
        1.3.1. Greenhouse第18页
        1.3.2. Whiteflies第18-19页
        1.3.3. Aphids第19-20页
        1.3.4. Mites第20页
        1.3.5. Control strategies of greenhouse pests第20-21页
        1.3.6. Weakenesses of Control第21页
    1.4. Stored Grain Pests第21-25页
        1.4.1. Stored Grain第21-22页
        1.4.2. Biology of common insect pests of stored grain第22页
        1.4.3. Red flour beetle第22-23页
        1.4.4. Sawtoothed grain beetle第23页
        1.4.5. Maize weevil第23-24页
        1.4.6. Control strategies of stored grain pests第24页
        1.4.7. Weaknesses of control第24-25页
    1.5. Household Insect Pests第25-27页
        1.5.1. Househould pest第25页
        1.5.2. Common house hold insect pests第25页
        1.5.3. Pharaoh ant第25-26页
        1.5.4. German cockroach第26页
        1.5.5. Control of household pests第26-27页
        1.5.6. Weaknesses of control第27页
    1.6. Aims of the study第27-29页
2. CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHOD第29-52页
    2.1. Plant materials第29-30页
    2.2. Ethanol-extracted essential oils第30-32页
    2.3. Prepration of working solution第32页
    2.4. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry第32-33页
    2.5. Whitefly biotype determination through mtcoi gene identification第33页
    2.6. Host plants cultivation第33-34页
        2.6.1. Host plants for whitefly and mites第33-34页
        2.6.2. Host plants for Aphid第34页
    2.7. Insects第34-36页
        2.7.1. Culture of whitefly第34页
        2.7.2. Culture of Mites第34-35页
        2.7.3. Culture of Aphid第35页
        2.7.4. Culture of maize weevil第35页
        2.7.5. Culture of saw-toothed beetle第35页
        2.7.6. Culture of red flour beetle第35-36页
        2.7.7. Culture of ants第36页
        2.7.8. Culture of cockroaches第36页
    2.8. Bioassay第36-51页
        2.8.1. Laboratory experiments of green house pests第36-40页
            2.8.1.1. Whitefly Fumigant toxicity第36页
            2.8.1.2. Whitefly Contact toxicity第36-37页
            2.8.1.3. Contact toxicity against adult and nymph mites and whitefly nymphs第37-38页
            2.8.1.4. Whitefly repellency第38-39页
            2.8.1.5. Aphid repellency test in choice experiment第39页
            2.8.1.6. Aphid repellency test in no-choice method第39-40页
        2.8.2. Laboratory experiments of stored grain pests第40-45页
            2.8.2.1. Fumigation第40-42页
                2.8.2.1.1. Maize weevil larval and adult fumigant toxicity第40-41页
                2.8.2.1.2. Red flour beetle larval fumigant toxicity第41-42页
                2.8.2.1.3. Saw-toothed beetle larval and adult development following essential oil fumigation第42页
            2.8.2.2. Repellency第42-45页
                2.8.2.2.1. Maize weevil repellency第42-43页
                2.8.2.2.2. Saw-toothed grain beetles repellency test第43-44页
                2.8.2.2.3. Red flour beetle area preference test in petri dish第44页
                2.8.2.2.4. Red flour beetle repellency in H-type tube第44-45页
            2.8.2.3. Eggs hatching effects of red flour beetle第45页
        2.8.3. Laboratory experiment of House hold pests第45-47页
            2.8.3.1. Repellency第45-47页
                2.8.3.1.1. Ant repellency test第45-46页
                2.8.3.1.2. Cockroach repellency experiment第46-47页
        2.8.4. Greenhouse experiment第47-50页
            2.8.4.1. Whitefly adult contact toxicity第47-48页
            2.8.4.2. Contact toxicity against whitefly nymphs and adult and nymph mites第48-49页
            2.8.4.3. Whitefly adult repellency and anti-oviposition第49页
            2.8.4.4. Aphid repellency第49-50页
        2.8.5. Kitchen experiment第50-51页
            2.8.5.1. Cockroach repellency第50-51页
    2.9. Statistical analyses第51-52页
3. CHAPTER 3: RESULTS第52-109页
    3.1. Greenhouse pests第52-82页
        3.1.1. Laboratory experiments第52-70页
            3.1.1.1. Fumigant toxicity to adult whitefly第52-54页
                3.1.1.1.1. M. fragrans第52-53页
                3.1.1.1.2. A. tatarinowii,S. japonica and H. hemsleyanum第53页
                3.1.1.1.3. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acid第53-54页
            3.1.1.2. Contact toxicity to whitefly第54-57页
                3.1.1.2.1. A. tatarinowii, H. hemsleyanum, and S. japonica toxicity to adults第54-55页
                3.1.1.2.2. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acidtoxicity to whitefly nymph第55-56页
                3.1.1.2.3. M. fragrans toxicity to whitefly nymph第56-57页
            3.1.1.3. Contact toxicity to mite第57-59页
                3.1.1.3.1. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acidtoxicity to adult mite第57-58页
                3.1.1.3.2. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acidtoxicity to mite nymphs第58-59页
            3.1.1.4. Whitefly repellency and oviposition deterrent第59-65页
                3.1.1.4.1. L.cubeba第59-60页
                3.1.1.4.2. P.nigrum第60页
                3.1.1.4.3. C.longa第60-61页
                3.1.1.4.4. Z. bungeanum第61-63页
                3.1.1.4.5. M. fragrans第63-64页
                3.1.1.4.6. A. tatarinowii, H. hemsleyanum and S. japonica第64-65页
            3.1.1.5. Aphid repellency第65-69页
                3.1.1.5.1. A. tatarinowii第65页
                3.1.1.5.2. S. japonica第65-66页
                3.1.1.5.3. M. haplocalyx第66-67页
                3.1.1.5.4. A. tatarinowii+S. japonica第67-68页
                3.1.1.5.5. Aphid repellency response of no-choice method第68-69页
            3.1.1.6. Aphid molting第69-70页
                3.1.1.6.1. Molting of A. glycines after feeding of plants applied with essential oils第69-70页
        3.1.2. Greenhouse experiment第70-82页
            3.1.2.1. Contact Toxicity第70-73页
                3.1.2.1.1. H. hemsleyanum, A. tatarinowii and S. japonica toxicity to whitefly adult第70-71页
                3.1.2.1.2. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, n-hexadecanoic acid and 9-12-octadecadienoic acidtoxicity to whitefly nymph第71页
                3.1.2.1.3. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, n-hexadecanoic acid and 9-12-octadecadienoic acidtoxicity to mite adult第71-73页
                3.1.2.1.4. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, n-hexadecanoic acid and 9-12-octadecadienoic acid totoxicity to mite nymph第73页
            3.1.2.2. Whitefly repellency and oviposition deterrent第73-81页
                3.1.2.2.1. L.cubeba第73-74页
                3.1.2.2.2. P.nigrum第74页
                3.1.2.2.3. Z.bungeanum第74-76页
                3.1.2.2.4. C.longa第76-77页
                3.1.2.2.5. G.jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, n-hexadecanoic acid and 9-12-octadecadienoic acid第77-79页
                3.1.2.2.6. M.fi-agrans第79-80页
                3.1.2.2.7. A. tatarinowii, H. hemsleyanum and S. japonica第80-81页
            3.1.2.3. Aphid Repellency第81-82页
                3.1.2.3.1. A.tatarinowii, S. japonica, M. haplocalyx, and A. tatarinowii+S. japonica第81-82页
    3.2. Stored Grain pest第82-95页
        3.2.1. Fumigant toxicity第82-86页
            3.2.1.1. M. haplocalyx and A.ascalonicum fumigation to S. zeamais adult and nymph第82-84页
            3.2.1.2. M. piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum fumigant effects to T. castaneum larva第84-85页
            3.2.1.3. C. camphora, P. nigrum and S. japonica effects on O. surinamensis larvae and adult development第85-86页
        3.2.2. Repellency experiment第86-95页
            3.2.2.1. M. haplocalyx and A.ascalonicum repellency to S.zeamais adult and nymph第86-88页
            3.2.2.2. C. camphora, P. nigrum and S. japonica repellency to O. surinamensis adults第88-91页
            3.2.2.3. H. hemsleyanum, M. haplocalyx and S.japonica repellency to T. castaneum第91页
            3.2.2.4. H. hemsleyanum, M. haplocalyx and S.japonica repellency duration to T. castaneum第91-93页
            3.2.2.5. M. piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum repellency to T. castaneum第93-95页
            3.2.2.6. M. piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum eggs hatching effects to T. castaneum第95页
    3.3. Household pest第95-103页
        3.3.1. Repellency to M. pharaonis第95-100页
            3.3.1.1. C. longa (Turmeric)第97-98页
            3.3.1.2. L. cubeba (Litsea)第98-99页
            3.3.1.3. Comparison between C. longa and L. cubeba第99-100页
        3.3.2. Repellency to cockroaches第100-103页
            3.3.2.1. Repellency in laboratory第100-102页
            3.3.2.2. Adult and nymph response in the kitchens experiments第102-103页
    3.4. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry第103-109页
4. CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION第109-129页
    4.1. Greenhouse pests第109-118页
        4.1.1. Fumigant and contact toxicity to whitefly第109-111页
            4.1.1.1. M. fragrans toxicity to adult whitefly第109页
            4.1.1.2. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acidtoxicity to whitefly第109-110页
            4.1.1.3. A.tatarinowii, H. hemsleyanum, and S. japonica toxicity to adult whitefly第110-111页
        4.1.2. Contact toxicity to mite第111-112页
            4.1.2.1. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acidtoxicity to mite第111-112页
        4.1.3. Repellency and oviposition deterrnt to whitefly第112-116页
            4.1.3.1. L. cubeba第112-113页
            4.1.3.2. P. nigrum第113页
            4.1.3.3. C. longa第113页
            4.1.3.4. Z. bungeanum第113-114页
            4.1.3.5. M. fragrans第114-115页
            4.1.3.6. G. jasminoides, squalene, ethyl linoleate, 9-12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acid第115-116页
        4.1.4. Repellency to Aphid第116-118页
            4.1.4.1. A. tatarinowii, S. japonica, M. haplocalyx and A. tatarinowii+S. japonica settling response toaphid using the choice and no-choice method in lab第116-117页
            4.1.4.2. A. tatarinowii, S. japonica, M. haplocalyx and A. tatarinowii+S. japonica settling response toaphid using the choice method in Greenhouse第117-118页
    4.2. Stored gain Pests第118-125页
        4.2.1. Fumigation第118-121页
            4.2.1.1. M. piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum fumigant effects to T. castaneum larva第118-119页
            4.2.1.2. M. piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum eggs hatching effects to T. castaneum第119-120页
            4.2.1.3. C. camphora, P. nigrum and S. japonica effects on larvae and adult development of O.surinamensis第120页
            4.2.1.4. M.haplocalyx and A.ascalonicum fumigation to S. zeamais adult and larvae第120-121页
        4.2.2. Repellency第121-125页
            4.2.2.1. H. hemsleyanum, M. haplocalyx and S.japonica repellency to T. castaneum第121-122页
            4.2.2.2. M.piperita, C. atlantica and S. paniculatum repellency to T. castaneum第122-123页
            4.2.2.3. C. camphora, P. nigrum and S. japonica repellency to O. surinamensis第123-124页
            4.2.2.4. M. haplocalyx and A.ascalonicum repellency to S. zeamais adult and larvae第124-125页
    4.3. Household pests第125-127页
        4.3.1. Repellency第125-127页
            4.3.1.1. Repellency to M. pharaonis第125-126页
            4.3.1.2. Repellency to cockroaches第126-127页
    4.4. Essential oil chemical constituents第127-129页
5. CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS第129-131页
    5.1. Summary and Conclusion第129-130页
    5.2. Future Prospects第130-131页
References第131-149页
Publications第149-151页
Acknowledgements第151页

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