| 摘要 | 第6-13页 |
| Abstract | 第13-14页 |
| Chapter 1 Microplastic pollution in the environment | 第21-32页 |
| 1.1 General introduction | 第21-22页 |
| 1.2 Definition, sources and occurrence of microplastics | 第22-24页 |
| 1.2.1 Definition of microplastics | 第22页 |
| 1.2.2 Primary sources of microplastics | 第22-23页 |
| 1.2.3 Secondary sources of microplastics | 第23页 |
| 1.2.4 Occurrence of microplastics | 第23-24页 |
| 1.3 Ingestion of microplastics by organisms | 第24-26页 |
| 1.4 Trophic level transfer of microplastics | 第26页 |
| 1.5 Impacts of microplastics on organisms | 第26-30页 |
| 1.6 Objectives of the study | 第30-32页 |
| Chapter 2 Occurrence of microplastics and mesoplastics in fish from coastal waters | 第32-55页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第32-33页 |
| 2.2 Materials and methods | 第33-39页 |
| 2.2.1 Sample collection | 第33-34页 |
| 2.2.2 Quality control of experiments | 第34-36页 |
| 2.2.3 Hydrogen peroxide treatment | 第36-37页 |
| 2.2.4 Saline (NaCl) solution floatation and filtration | 第37页 |
| 2.2.5 Observation, identification and validation of microplastics | 第37-38页 |
| 2.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第38-39页 |
| 2.3 Results | 第39-49页 |
| 2.3.1 Contamination in control group | 第39页 |
| 2.3.2 Abundances of microplastics and mesoplastics in fish | 第39-41页 |
| 2.3.3 Types,sizes and color of plastics in fish | 第41-44页 |
| 2.3.4 Accumulation of plastics in stomach and intestine | 第44-47页 |
| 2.3.5 Identification and validation of plastics | 第47-49页 |
| 2.4 Discussion | 第49-53页 |
| 2.4.1 Plastic pollution in fish | 第49-51页 |
| 2.4.2 Organ-specific location of plastics in fish | 第51-52页 |
| 2.4.3 Methods to investigate plastic pollution in fish | 第52-53页 |
| Conclusions | 第53-55页 |
| Chapter 3 Investigation of plastics in fish from Taihu Lake | 第55-64页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第55-56页 |
| 3.2 Materials and methods | 第56-58页 |
| 3.2.1 Sample collection | 第56-57页 |
| 3.2.2 Sample processing | 第57-58页 |
| 3.2.3 Statistical analysis | 第58页 |
| 3.3 Results | 第58-61页 |
| 3.3.1 Abundance of plastic in freshwater fish | 第58-59页 |
| 3.3.2 Types, sizes and color of plastics in freshwater fish | 第59-61页 |
| 3.4 Discussion | 第61-63页 |
| 3.4.1 Plastic pollution in fish from Taihu Lake | 第61-63页 |
| Conclusions | 第63-64页 |
| Chapter 4 Extraction of microplastic from fish in the urban river systems | 第64-77页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第64-65页 |
| 4.2 Materials and methods | 第65-68页 |
| 4.2.1 Sample collection | 第65页 |
| 4.2.2 Sample processing and quality control of experiments | 第65-66页 |
| 4.2.3 Potassium peroxide treatment for digestion | 第66-67页 |
| 4.2.4 Observation and validation of microplastics | 第67页 |
| 4.2.5 Statistical analysis | 第67-68页 |
| 4.3 Results | 第68-72页 |
| 4.3.1 Abundance of microplastics in mosquito fish | 第68-69页 |
| 4.3.2 Types, sizes and color of microplastics | 第69-72页 |
| 4.4 Discussion | 第72-76页 |
| 4.4.1 Microplastic pollution in mosquito fish | 第72-76页 |
| Conclusions | 第76-77页 |
| Chapter 5 Effects of raw microplastics on goldfish (Carassius auratus) | 第77-100页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第77-79页 |
| 5.2 Materials and methods | 第79-84页 |
| 5.2.1 Experimental design | 第79-80页 |
| 5.2.2 Microplastic food preparation | 第80页 |
| 5.2.3 Feeding strategy and observation | 第80-82页 |
| 5.2.4 Sample processing | 第82页 |
| 5.2.5 Microscopic observations | 第82页 |
| 5.2.6 Recording plastic items from gills and GIT | 第82页 |
| 5.2.7 Histopathological examination of jaw, liver and intestine | 第82-84页 |
| 5.2.8 Statistical analysis | 第84页 |
| 5.3 Results | 第84-95页 |
| 5.3.1 Behaviour, ingestion and accumulation | 第84-86页 |
| 5.3.2 Structural observations of buccal cavity of fish | 第86-88页 |
| 5.3.3 Histological changes and evaluation of organ index | 第88-95页 |
| 5.4 Discussion | 第95-99页 |
| 5.4.1 Ingestion and accumulation of microplastic items | 第95-96页 |
| 5.4.2 Structural damage and histological changes of fish | 第96-99页 |
| Conclusions | 第99-100页 |
| Chapter 6 General Conclusions and Future Perspective | 第100-107页 |
| 6.1 General conclusions | 第100-105页 |
| 6.2 Future perspective | 第105-107页 |
| References | 第107-130页 |
| 作者简历及在学期间科研成果 | 第130-132页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第132页 |
