| 中文摘要 | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-7页 |
| Abbreviations | 第12-17页 |
| CHAPTER 1 Introduction and review of literature | 第17-41页 |
| 1.1. Plant viruses | 第17页 |
| 1.2. Economic importance of rice viral diseases | 第17-18页 |
| 1.3. Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) | 第18-21页 |
| 1.3.1. Introduction | 第18页 |
| 1.3.2. Symptoms | 第18-19页 |
| 1.3.3. Virus characteristics | 第19-20页 |
| 1.3.4. Transmission | 第20页 |
| 1.3.5. Host range | 第20-21页 |
| 1.3.6. Disease cycle | 第21页 |
| 1.4. Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) | 第21-24页 |
| 1.4.1. Introduction | 第21页 |
| 1.4.2. Symptoms | 第21页 |
| 1.4.3. Virus characteristics | 第21-23页 |
| 1.4.4. Transmission | 第23页 |
| 1.4.5. Host range | 第23页 |
| 1.4.6. Disease cycle | 第23-24页 |
| 1.5. White-backed planthopper (WBPH) | 第24-25页 |
| 1.5.1. Distribution of WBPH | 第24页 |
| 1.5.2. Biology of WBPH | 第24页 |
| 1.5.3. Egg stage | 第24-25页 |
| 1.5.4. Nymphal stage | 第25页 |
| 1.5.5. Adult stage | 第25页 |
| 1.5.6. Over wintering | 第25页 |
| 1.6. Small brown planthopper (SBPH) | 第25-27页 |
| 1.6.1. Distribution of SBPH | 第25-26页 |
| 1.6.2. Biology of SBPH | 第26页 |
| 1.6.3. Egg stage | 第26页 |
| 1.6.4. Nymphal stage | 第26页 |
| 1.6.5. Adult stage | 第26页 |
| 1.6.6. Over wintering | 第26-27页 |
| 1.7. Transmission of plant viruses | 第27-30页 |
| 1.7.1. Non-persistent transmission manner | 第27-28页 |
| 1.7.2. Semi-persistent transmission manner | 第28页 |
| 1.7.3. Persistent transmission manner | 第28-30页 |
| 1.8. Molecular techniques used for detection of plant viruses | 第30-37页 |
| 1.8.1. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) | 第31页 |
| 1.8.2. Real-Time PCR | 第31-37页 |
| 1.9. Control measures of viral diseases | 第37-40页 |
| 1.9.1. Cultivation of resistance varieties | 第37-39页 |
| 1.9.2. Exclusion | 第39页 |
| 1.9.3. Eradication | 第39页 |
| 1.9.4. Protection | 第39页 |
| 1.9.5. Avoidance | 第39-40页 |
| 1.9.6. Molecular strategies | 第40页 |
| 1.10. Objectives | 第40-41页 |
| CHAPTER 2 Screening of rice varieties to rice black streaked dwarf disease and absolutequantification of the virus by Taq Man q RT-PCR | 第41-62页 |
| 2.1. Introduction | 第41-42页 |
| 2.2. Materials and methods | 第42-52页 |
| 2.2.1. Insect population and virus source | 第42页 |
| 2.2.2. Greenhouse experiment | 第42-46页 |
| 2.2.3. Resistance screening in field conditions | 第46页 |
| 2.2.4. The q RT-PCR based screening | 第46-51页 |
| 2.2.5. Quantification of copy number from different rice varieties | 第51-52页 |
| 2.2.6. Data analysis | 第52页 |
| 2.3. Results | 第52-59页 |
| 2.3.1. Symptoms produced by RBSDD | 第52-53页 |
| 2.3.2. Assessment of RBSDD in different rice varieties under greenhouseconditions | 第53-55页 |
| 2.3.3. Assessment of RBSDD in different rice varieties under field conditions | 第55页 |
| 2.3.4. Plasmid DNA construction and real time PCR method | 第55-57页 |
| 2.3.5. Quantification of RBSDV copy number in different rice varieties | 第57-58页 |
| 2.3.6. Correlation of disease index with the disease incidence and the virus copynumber | 第58-59页 |
| 2.4. Discussion | 第59-62页 |
| CHAPTER 3 Absolute quantification of Rice black streaked dwarf virus in vector andnonvector insect species | 第62-79页 |
| 3.1. Introduction | 第62-63页 |
| 3.2. Materials and methods | 第63-66页 |
| 3.2.1. Insect population | 第63页 |
| 3.2.2. Virus source | 第63页 |
| 3.2.3. Virus acquisition, insect sampling and dissection | 第63页 |
| 3.2.4. RNA extraction | 第63页 |
| 3.2.5. Primers design for q RT-PCR | 第63页 |
| 3.2.6. Plasmid DNA construction for absolutely quantification of RBSDV | 第63-64页 |
| 3.2.7. c DNA synthesis for q RT-PCR | 第64页 |
| 3.2.8. The q RT-PCR amplification | 第64-65页 |
| 3.2.9. Primers design to amplify in conventional RT-PCR | 第65页 |
| 3.2.10. The c DNA synthesis and conventional RT-PCR | 第65页 |
| 3.2.11. Transmission tests | 第65页 |
| 3.2.12. Data analysis | 第65-66页 |
| 3.3. Results | 第66-77页 |
| 3.3.1. Optimization of the q RT-PCR method using SYBR Green reagent | 第66-67页 |
| 3.3.2. Quantification of RBSDV in whole body of insects | 第67-68页 |
| 3.3.3. Detection of RBSDV in entire insect body in conventional RT-PCR | 第68-69页 |
| 3.3.4. Quantification of RBSDV in internal organs of vector and nonvectorinsects | 第69-73页 |
| 3.3.5. Detection of RBSDV in internal organs of vector and nonvector insects byconventional RT-PCR | 第73页 |
| 3.3.6. Transmission efficiency of RBSDV by the different insect species | 第73-77页 |
| 3.4. DISCUSSION | 第77-79页 |
| CHAPTER 4 Quantitative distribution of southern rice black streaked dwarf virus in vectorand nonvector insects | 第79-96页 |
| 4.1. Introduction | 第79-80页 |
| 4.2. Materials and methods | 第80-81页 |
| 4.2.1. Insect colony and virus source plant | 第80页 |
| 4.2.2. Virus acquisition, insect sampling and dissection | 第80页 |
| 4.2.3. RNA extraction | 第80页 |
| 4.2.4. Primers design for q RT-PCR | 第80页 |
| 4.2.5. Plasmid DNA construction for absolutely quantification of SRBSDV | 第80-81页 |
| 4.2.6. The c DNA synthesis and q RT-PCR amplification | 第81页 |
| 4.2.7. Primers design, c DNA synthesis and amplification in conventionalRT-PCR | 第81页 |
| 4.2.8. Transmission assay | 第81页 |
| 4.2.9. Data analysis | 第81页 |
| 4.3. Results | 第81-94页 |
| 4.3.1. Plasmid construction and q RT-PCR amplification | 第81-84页 |
| 4.3.2. Quantification of SRBSDV in entire body of vector and nonvector insects | 第84-85页 |
| 4.3.3. Detection of SRBSDV in vector and nonvector insects by conventionalRT-PCR | 第85-86页 |
| 4.3.4. Quantification of SRBSDV in internal organs of vector and nonvectorinsects | 第86-89页 |
| 4.3.5. Detection of SRBSDV in the internal organs of vector and nonvectorinsects by conventional RT-PCR | 第89-90页 |
| 4.3.6. Transmission assay of SRBSDV by different insect species | 第90-94页 |
| 4.4. Discussion | 第94-96页 |
| CHAPTER 5 Conclusions | 第96-97页 |
| References | 第97-109页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第109-110页 |
| Author biography | 第110页 |
