| Abstract (in Chinese) | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract (in English) | 第6-9页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第9-12页 |
| Chapter I: Introduction | 第12-18页 |
| ·The Background of the Study | 第12-14页 |
| ·The Significance of the Study | 第14-16页 |
| ·The Purpose of the Study | 第16页 |
| ·The General Structure of the Thesis | 第16-18页 |
| Chapter II: Literature Review | 第18-35页 |
| ·Pragmatic Failure | 第18-23页 |
| ·Pragmalinguistic Failure | 第21-22页 |
| ·Sociopragmatic Failure | 第22-23页 |
| ·Communicative Competence | 第23-33页 |
| ·Illocutionary Competence | 第27-31页 |
| ·Sociolinguistic Competence | 第31-33页 |
| ·Context | 第33-34页 |
| ·Summary | 第34-35页 |
| Chapter III Culture, Communication and Tourism | 第35-43页 |
| ·Culture, Communication and Cross-cultural Communication | 第35-37页 |
| ·Tourism, Culture and Language | 第37-39页 |
| ·Tourism and Tour guides | 第39-42页 |
| ·Summary | 第42-43页 |
| Chapter IV: Analysis of Pragmatic Failures made by Tour Guides | 第43-67页 |
| ·Validity and Classifications of the Samples | 第43页 |
| ·The Features of Pragmatic Failures Made by English Speaking Tour Guides | 第43-48页 |
| ·Introduction | 第43-44页 |
| ·Two Typical Cases of Pragmatic Failures in Tourism | 第44-48页 |
| ·Case One: Guides' Pragmalinguistic Failure | 第44-46页 |
| ·Case Two: Guides' Sociopragmalinguistic Failure | 第46-48页 |
| ·Causes of Pragmalinguistic Failures | 第48-51页 |
| ·The Inappropriate Transference of Chinese to English | 第48-50页 |
| ·The Misunderstanding of Speech Act Strategies | 第50-51页 |
| ·Causes of Sociopragmatic Failures | 第51-65页 |
| ·The Differences between English and Chinese Value Systems | 第54-61页 |
| ·Individualism of English Cultures and Collectivism of Chinese Culture | 第54-57页 |
| ·Value systems difference between Chinese and English cultures also lies in English self-reliance and Chinese dependence | 第57-58页 |
| ·English directness versus Chinese indirectness | 第58-61页 |
| ·Differences between English and Chinese Styles of Communication | 第61-65页 |
| ·Greetings | 第62页 |
| ·Compliments | 第62-64页 |
| ·Topics | 第64-65页 |
| ·Summary | 第65-67页 |
| Chapter V: Suggested Approaches and Limitations of the Thesis | 第67-72页 |
| ·Suggested Approaches | 第67-69页 |
| ·Limitations of the Analysis and Recommendations | 第69-71页 |
| ·Summary | 第71-72页 |
| Chapter VI: Conclusions | 第72-73页 |
| Works Cited | 第73-76页 |
