| Abstract | 第4-8页 |
| 摘要 | 第9-13页 |
| Table of Content | 第13-20页 |
| Introduction | 第20-53页 |
| SECTION 1:THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SEAS AND THE OCEANS | 第21-25页 |
| 1. Space, preservation of climate balance | 第21-22页 |
| 2. Economic importance | 第22-25页 |
| SECTION 2:THE DEVELOP BACKGROUND OF INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE SEA REGULATIONS | 第25-36页 |
| 1. Sources of the International Law of the Sea | 第25-32页 |
| a. International Custom | 第25-27页 |
| b. International Treaties | 第27-29页 |
| c. Other Sources of the International Law of the Sea | 第29-32页 |
| ⅰ. Activities of International Organizations | 第30-31页 |
| ⅱ. International Judicial Decisions | 第31页 |
| ⅲ. International Jurisprudence | 第31-32页 |
| 2. Regulations Development of the International Law of the Sea | 第32-36页 |
| a. Development of the International Law of the Sea regulations before 1960 | 第33-34页 |
| b. Development of International Law of the Sea regulations after 1960 | 第34-36页 |
| SECTION 3:THE IMPORTANCE OF THE UNCLOS | 第36-45页 |
| 1. Historical Background | 第36-37页 |
| 2. Importance of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea | 第37-41页 |
| 3. Provisions or Contents of the UNCLOS | 第41-44页 |
| 4. UNCLOS and the marine environment | 第44-45页 |
| SECTION 4:THE UNITED STATES POSITION FROM THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA AND ITS REFLECTIONS | 第45-53页 |
| 1. Developments of the position of the United States from the UNCLOS | 第45-50页 |
| 2. The Arabic states and the UNCLOS | 第50-51页 |
| a. The Manifestations of compatibility | 第50-51页 |
| b. The Manifestations of incompatibility | 第51页 |
| 3. The effect of the U. S position on the Arab countries | 第51-53页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ:The Area System in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,and the new regulations | 第53-90页 |
| SECTION 1:DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN THE AREA AND SIMILAR SYSTEMS IN THE UNCLOS | 第53-61页 |
| 1.1.1. The Comparison between the Area and the Continental Shelf | 第53-56页 |
| 1.1.2. The Comparison between the Area and the EEZ | 第56-57页 |
| 1.1.3. The Comparison between the Area and the High Sea | 第57-61页 |
| SECTION 2:THE PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN THE AREA | 第61-69页 |
| 1.2.1. Freedom of the Area | 第61-62页 |
| 1.2.2. The Common Heritage of Mankind | 第62-66页 |
| 1.2.3. Use of the Area Exclusively for Peaceful Purposes | 第66-69页 |
| SECTION 3:THE PRINCIPLES THAT SHOULD GOVERN THE AREA | 第69-75页 |
| 1.3.1. Good Faith Principle | 第70-71页 |
| 1.3.2. Non-Arbitrariness in Use of the Area, "Non Abuse of Right" | 第71-72页 |
| 1.3.3. International Cooperation for Useful Exploitation of the Area | 第72-75页 |
| SECTION 4:THE AREA SYSTEM REGULATIONS IN THE UNCLOS | 第75-82页 |
| 1.4.1. The Importance of the Area | 第75-78页 |
| 1.4.1.1. The Legal and the Economic Importance | 第76-77页 |
| 1.4.1.1.1. The Legal Importance | 第76页 |
| 1.4.1.1.2. The Economic Importance | 第76-77页 |
| 1.4.1.2. The Political and the Strategic Importance | 第77-78页 |
| 1.4.1.2.1. The Strategic Importance | 第77页 |
| 1.4.1.2.2. The Political Importance | 第77-78页 |
| 1.4.2. The Legal Regime of the Area in the UNCLOS | 第78-82页 |
| SECTION 5:THE REGULATIONS FOR PROSPECTING AND EXPLORATION OF POLYMETALLIC NODULES,POLYMETALLIC SULPHIDES,AND COBALT-RICH CRUSTS | 第82-90页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ:Authority in charge of the Area | 第90-125页 |
| SECTION 1:THE IDEA OF ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ISA | 第92-94页 |
| SECTION 2:THE STRUCTURE OF THE ISA | 第94-106页 |
| 2.2.1. The Assembly of the ISA | 第94-95页 |
| 2.2.2. The Council of the ISA | 第95-103页 |
| 2.2.3. The Enterprise of ISA | 第103页 |
| 2.2.4. The General Secretariat | 第103-106页 |
| SECTION 3:THE FUNCTIONS AND THE TARGETS OF ISA | 第106-110页 |
| 2.3.1. The Function of the ISA | 第106-108页 |
| 2.3.2. The Targets of ISA | 第108-110页 |
| SECTION 4:CHALLENGES OF THE AREA | 第110-115页 |
| 2.4.1. The challenges of transfer the technology to developing states | 第111页 |
| 2.4.2. The challenges of sharing the profits derived from the exploitation | 第111-112页 |
| 2.4.3. The challenges of membership in the Council of ISA | 第112-114页 |
| 2.4.4. The responsibility of the Contractor about his lawful activities | 第114-115页 |
| SECTION 5:THE AUTHORITY AND THE ACTIVITIES IN THE AREA | 第115-125页 |
| 2.5.1. Contracts for exploration for polymetallic nodules | 第119-120页 |
| 2.5.2. Contracts for exploration for polymetallic sulphides | 第120页 |
| 2.5.3. Contracts for exploration for cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts | 第120-125页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ: The protection of marine environment from the activities in the Area | 第125-148页 |
| SECTION 1:PROTECT THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM THE AREA ACTIVITIES RISKS UNDER WEB OF INTERNATIONAL PRINCIPLES | 第125-136页 |
| 3.1.1. Protect the marine environment from the Area activities risks under some traditional principles | 第125-128页 |
| 3.1.1.1. Protect the marine environment from the Area activities risks under the Good faith principle | 第126页 |
| 3.1.1.2. Protect the marine environment from the Area activities risks under the Good-neighborliness principle | 第126-128页 |
| 3.1.1.3. Protect the marine environment from the Area activities risks under the non abuse (Non-Arbitrariness) principle | 第128页 |
| 3.1.2. Protect the marine environment from the Area activities risks under some modern international principles | 第128-136页 |
| 3.1.2.1. Protect the marine environment under the international cooperation principle | 第129-130页 |
| 3.1.2.2. Protect the marine environment under Reporting (inform) and consultation principle | 第130-131页 |
| 3.1.2.3. Protect the marine environment under Precautionary Approach principle | 第131-132页 |
| 3.1.2.4. The marine environment protection from the Area' activities in the context of the Sustainable development principle | 第132-135页 |
| 3.1.2.5. The marine environment protection from the Area' activities in the context of the common heritage of mankind and human rights | 第135-136页 |
| SECTION 2:THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORITY TO TAKE INITIATIVES TO FACE THE POTENTIAL DAMAGES OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM THE ACTIVITIES IN THE AREA | 第136-148页 |
| 3.2.1. The duty of the Authority for Supporting Scientific researches related to the marine environment of the Area | 第137-139页 |
| 3.2.2. The duty of the Authority to adopt new and modern regulations related to the marine environment protection in the Area | 第139-141页 |
| 3.2.3. The duty of the Authority to Organize Workshops for Environmental Issues which related to the Area | 第141-143页 |
| 3.2.4. Establishing Environmental Baselines | 第143-144页 |
| 3.2.5. Establishing the protected areas around the reserved areas to protect the marine environment nearby the Activities in the Area | 第144-148页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ: The International Environmental Responsibility of the Sponsoring Statesin the domain of Protecting the Marine Environment from Activities carried out in theArea | 第148-189页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第148-149页 |
| INTRODUCTION | 第149-150页 |
| SECTION 1:THE OBLIGATIONS OF SPONSORING STATE TO PROTECT THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM THE ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN THE AREA | 第150-162页 |
| 4.1.1. The obligation of the sponsoring state to protect, control, and prevent | 第150-153页 |
| 4.1.2. The sponsoring state obligation of the supervision on the contractor Activities in the Area | 第153-154页 |
| 4.1.3. The Direct and Indirect Obligation of the sponsoring state to adopt a Precautionary Approach | 第154-157页 |
| 4.1.4. The Direct and Indirect Obligation of the sponsoring state to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) | 第157-159页 |
| 4.1.5. The obligation of sponsoring state to develop regulations apply the "best environmental practices" | 第159-160页 |
| 4.1.6. The Obligation of the sponsoring states to Cooperate with/and assist the ISA | 第160-162页 |
| SECTION 2:INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE | 第162-169页 |
| 4.2.1. International Environmental Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts | 第163-166页 |
| 4.2.2. Environmental Responsibility of States for Lawful Acts | 第166-167页 |
| 4.2.3. Forms of Compensation about the Environmental Damage | 第167-169页 |
| SECTION 3:THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT DAMAGES UNDER UNCLOS | 第169-171页 |
| SECTION 4:THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SPONSORING STATES UNDER THE ADVISORY OPINION OF THE SEABED CHAMBER | 第171-188页 |
| 4.4.1. The responsibility of the sponsoring states about the damages which arising out the activities in the Area | 第171-179页 |
| 4.4.1.1. As For Question 1:Legal responsibilities and obligations of States Parties to UNCLOS and the implementation agreement of Part Ⅺ, with respect to the sponsorship of activities in the Area, sponsoring States have two kinds of obligations | 第173-175页 |
| 4.4.1.2. As For Question 2:The extent of liability of a State Party for any failure to comply with UNCLOS and the implementation agreement of Part Ⅺ, by an entity whom it has sponsored. Regarding question 2, the S. D. C established | 第175-178页 |
| 4.4.1.3. As For Question 3:The Necessary and appropriate measures, that a sponsoring State must take in order to fulfill its responsibility under UNCLOS and the implementation agreement of Part Ⅺ | 第178-179页 |
| 4.4.2. The effects of the advisory opinion of Seabed Disputes chamber | 第179-183页 |
| 4.4.3. The environmental responsibility of the Contractor about his Area' activities which may affect or cause damages to the others interests | 第183-186页 |
| 4.4.5. The some Gaps of the responsibility about the marine environment al damage from the contractor'Activities in the Area | 第186-188页 |
| CONCLUSION | 第188-189页 |
| Chapter Ⅴ:The Protection Area or (Zone); Protection of the EEZ environment fromthe activities of the Area | 第189-207页 |
| Abstract | 第189-190页 |
| Introduction | 第190-192页 |
| SECTION 1:LIMITATION ON THE RIGHTS OF EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION OF THE AREA | 第192-195页 |
| 5.1.1. Limitations on the States | 第192页 |
| 5.1.2. Limitations on the Activities or Places | 第192-193页 |
| 5.1.3. The weakness of the system of Protect the marine environment especially the E. E. Z, from the activities of the Area according UNCLOS | 第193-195页 |
| SECTION 2: THE PROTECTION AREA SYSTEM | 第195-206页 |
| 5.2.1. The Idea of Protection Area | 第195-198页 |
| 5.2.2. Boundaries of the Protection Area | 第198-200页 |
| 5.2.3. The Regime of Protection Area (the New Area) | 第200-206页 |
| 5.2.3.1. The regime of the waters above the Protection Area | 第200页 |
| 5.2.3.2. The regime of the seabed of the Protection Area | 第200-203页 |
| 5.2.3.3. The suggestion about the Protection Area (Zone) according the Continental Shelf standards | 第203-206页 |
| Conclusion | 第206-207页 |
| Conclusion | 第207-212页 |
| Recommendations | 第212-214页 |
| Bibliography | 第214-230页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第230页 |
