| 摘要 | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-19页 |
| CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION | 第19-26页 |
| ·Motivations | 第19页 |
| ·Heavy metal existence in wastewater | 第19-23页 |
| ·Sources of heavy metal containing wastewater | 第20页 |
| ·Health impacts of heavy metals and regulation in control of heavy metals | 第20-22页 |
| ·Removal technology for heavy metals from wastewaters | 第22-23页 |
| ·Rationale for using aerobic granular sludge as a biosorbent to remove heavy metal | 第23-24页 |
| ·Objectives and scope of the study | 第24-26页 |
| CHAPTER 2:REVIEW OF LITERATURE | 第26-45页 |
| ·Aerobic granular sludge | 第26页 |
| ·Metal ion uptake and interaction of metal ions with aerobic granular sludge | 第26-27页 |
| ·Adsorption process in environmental engineering | 第27-38页 |
| ·Metal uptake by viable biomass | 第38-40页 |
| ·Biosorption of metal ions by non viable or dead biomass | 第40-41页 |
| ·Use of immobilized aerobic granule biomass in biosorption | 第41-42页 |
| ·Pretreatment of biomass | 第42-43页 |
| ·Factors affecting biosorption | 第43页 |
| ·Elution and recovery of adsorbed metal ions and reuse ofbiomass | 第43-44页 |
| ·Mechanisms of biosorption | 第44-45页 |
| CHAPE 3:MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第45-57页 |
| ·Materials and equipment | 第45-47页 |
| ·Viable biomass | 第45-46页 |
| ·Aerobic granular sludge | 第45-46页 |
| ·Resting sludge and digested sludge | 第46页 |
| ·Non-viable biomass | 第46-47页 |
| ·Non-viable biomass used in fixed-bed column | 第47页 |
| ·Method | 第47-57页 |
| ·Extraction and determination of extracellular polymer substance(EPS) | 第47-48页 |
| ·Biosorption Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) on viable biomass | 第48-50页 |
| ·Effects of pH on biosorption | 第48页 |
| ·Maximum biosorption capacity experiment | 第48-49页 |
| ·Batch isotherm studies | 第49页 |
| ·Time-course adsorption | 第49页 |
| ·Time-course desorption | 第49-50页 |
| ·Biosorption of binary and ternary metals Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) on viable biomass | 第50页 |
| ·Biosorption of Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) on non-viable biomass | 第50-52页 |
| ·Effect of the ionic form of biosorbent on metal removal | 第50页 |
| ·Effects of pH on biosorption | 第50-51页 |
| ·Batch isotherm studies | 第51页 |
| ·Time-course adsorption | 第51页 |
| ·Time-course desorption | 第51-52页 |
| ·Adsorption/desorption cycle | 第52页 |
| ·Biosorption of binary and ternary metals Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) on non-viable biomass | 第52页 |
| ·Use of immobilized non-biomass in metal removal | 第52-54页 |
| ·Cation exchange capacity of the immobilized biomass | 第52-53页 |
| ·Procedures for fixed-bed column | 第53页 |
| ·Mono-heavy metal uptake in a fixed-bed column | 第53-54页 |
| ·Elution of adsorbed metal ions from columns | 第54页 |
| ·Multi-heavy metals uptake in a fixed-bed column | 第54页 |
| ·Mechanisms of Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+)and Cd~(2+)biosorption by aerobic granules | 第54-57页 |
| ·Chemical modifications of the biomass | 第55-56页 |
| ·Heavy metal biosorption experiments for mechanism study | 第56-57页 |
| CHAPE 4:BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METAL ON VIABLE BIOMASS | 第57-88页 |
| ·The biomass composition of the different activated sludge | 第57-59页 |
| ·Biosorption mono heavy metal ions on viable biomass | 第59-82页 |
| ·Effects of pH on biosorption | 第59-62页 |
| ·Maximum biosorption capacity experiment | 第62-63页 |
| ·Biosorption isotherms | 第63-74页 |
| ·Time-course adsorption | 第74-80页 |
| ·Time-course desorption | 第80-82页 |
| ·Biosorption of binary and ternary metal ions on viable biomass | 第82-87页 |
| ·Di-metal competitive sorption | 第82-86页 |
| ·Tri-metal competition sorption | 第86-87页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第87-88页 |
| CHAPE 5:BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METAL ON NON-VIABLE BIOMASS | 第88-117页 |
| ·Effect of the ionic form of biosorbent on metal removal | 第88-90页 |
| ·Sorption mono heavy metal on non-viable biomass | 第90-110页 |
| ·Effects of pH on sorption | 第90-92页 |
| ·Sorption isotherms | 第92-99页 |
| ·Comparison adsorption heavy-metal ion on viable and non-viable biomass | 第99-102页 |
| ·Time-course adsorption | 第102-106页 |
| ·Time-course desorption | 第106-108页 |
| ·Adsorption/desorption cycle | 第108-110页 |
| ·Sorption of binary and ternary metals on non-viable biomass | 第110-115页 |
| ·Sorption of metal ion in the competitive system | 第110-113页 |
| ·Mechanism of metal ion uptake in competed system | 第113-115页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第115-117页 |
| CHAPE 6:BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METAL IN FIXED-BED COLUMN BY NON-VIABLE BIOMASS | 第117-126页 |
| ·Cation exchange capacity of the immobilized biomass | 第117页 |
| ·Mono-heavy metal uptake in a fixed-bed column | 第117-124页 |
| ·Mono-heavy metal uptake | 第117-119页 |
| ·Thomas and new model for mono-heavy metal uptake in a fixed-bed column | 第119-122页 |
| ·Elution of adsorbed metal ions from columns | 第122-124页 |
| ·Multi-heavy metal uptake in a fixed-bed column | 第124-125页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第125-126页 |
| CHAPE 7:MECHANISMS OF Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+) AND Cd~(2+) BIOSORPTION BY AEROBICGRANULES | 第126-134页 |
| ·The efficient functional groups in heavy metal sorption | 第126-130页 |
| ·Ion exchange-associated biosorption | 第130-132页 |
| ·Chemical precipitation-associated sorption | 第132-133页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第133-134页 |
| CHAPE 8:CONCLUSIONS | 第134-137页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第134-135页 |
| ·Practical applications of this research | 第135-136页 |
| ·Recommendations for further study | 第136-137页 |
| Reference | 第137-149页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第149-150页 |
| Notation | 第150-153页 |
| Appendix | 第153-172页 |
