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溶剂复合分离油砂过程的研究

中文摘要第4-10页
ABSTRACT第10-13页
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION第20-29页
    1.1 Issues of hot-water extraction of oil sands第20-22页
    1.2 Approaches and aims第22-25页
    1.3 Scope of the thesis第25页
    1.4 Structure of the thesis第25-28页
    1.5 Main contributions第28-29页
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW: OIL SANDS PROCESSING AND SOLVENTROLE第29-53页
    2.1 Introduction of oil sands第29-36页
        2.1.1 Geology of oil sands ores第29页
        2.1.2 Oil sands properties第29-34页
            2.1.2.1 Oil sands composition第29-31页
            2.1.2.2 Bitumen composition and properties第31-33页
            2.1.2.3 Solids in oil sands第33-34页
        2.1.3 Oil/tar sands reserves第34-36页
            2.1.3.1 Alberta第34页
            2.1.3.2 Venezuela第34-35页
            2.1.3.3 Utah第35-36页
            2.1.3.4 China第36页
    2.2 Mining methods第36-40页
    2.3 Bitumen liberation and aeration第40-50页
        2.3.1 DLVO theory and extended DLVO theory第40-42页
            2.3.1.1 Van der Waals forces第41页
            2.3.1.2 Electrostatic forces第41-42页
            2.3.1.3 Hydrophobic forces第42页
        2.3.2 Bitumen liberation第42-46页
            2.3.2.1 Interactions between bitumen and sand grains第43-45页
            2.3.2.2 Parameters for bitumen recession from sand surface第45-46页
        2.3.3 Bitumen aeration第46-50页
            2.3.3.1 Bubble-bitumen attachment in water system第47-49页
            2.3.3.2 Effects of water chemistry on bubble-bitumen attachments第49-50页
    2.4 Aqueous-non-aqueous hybrid process for oil sands processing第50-52页
    2.5 Summary第52-53页
Chapter 3 DISTRIBUTION OF SARA FRACTIONS IN THE BITUMINOUSLAYER OF OIL SANDS第53-77页
    3.1 Introduction第53-54页
    3.2 Theories and assumptions第54-58页
        3.2.1 Oil sands microstructure第54-55页
        3.2.2 Conventional bitumen model第55-56页
        3.2.3 Main assumptions and sub-assumptions第56-57页
        3.2.4 Hypothetical distribution model第57-58页
    3.3 Materials and methods第58-63页
        3.3.1 Materials第58页
        3.3.2 Instrumental analysis第58-60页
        3.3.3 Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation第60-63页
    3.4 Results and discussions第63-69页
        3.4.1 FT-IR spectra of bitumen and SARA fractions第63-64页
        3.4.2 Elemental analysis and XPS measurements第64-69页
    3.5 Distribution model of SARA fractions in the bituminous layer第69-76页
        3.5.1 Experimental inferred model第69-70页
        3.5.2 Simulation results第70-76页
    3.6 Summary第76-77页
Chapter 4 NON-AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF BITUMEN FROM OIL SANDS第77-105页
    4.1 Introduction第77-79页
    4.2 Basic theories on solubility第79-83页
        4.2.1 Hansen solubility parameters第80-81页
        4.2.2 Calculations on bitumen solubility parameters第81-83页
    4.3 Materials and methods第83-87页
        4.3.1 Materials第83页
        4.3.2 Optimization of solvent extraction conditions第83-86页
        4.3.3 Single factor experiments第86-87页
        4.3.4 Analytical method第87页
    4.4 Results and discussions第87-101页
        4.4.1 Solvent selection第87-92页
            4.4.1.1 Effects of solvents第88页
            4.4.1.2 Performance of composite solvents第88-90页
            4.4.1.3 Polarity of solvent第90-92页
        4.4.2 Multifactor orthogonal experiments第92-93页
        4.4.3 Single factor experiments第93-101页
            4.4.3.1 Profile of four fractions in the extracted bitumen第94-95页
            4.4.3.2 Asphaltenes in the suspended bitumen particles第95-97页
            4.4.3.3 Profile of four fractions in the residual bitumen第97-98页
            4.4.3.4 Evaluations of the solvent extraction efficiency applied in oilsands processing第98-99页
            4.4.3.5 Environmental impacts of solvent extraction第99-101页
    4.5 Mechanism of solvent extraction process第101-104页
    4.6 Summary第104-105页
Chapter 5 HYBRID AQUEOUS-NONAQEOUS FLOATATION OF OIL SANDS第105-116页
    5.1 Introduction第105-107页
    5.2 Materials and Methods第107-111页
        5.2.1 Materials第107-108页
        5.2.2 Instruments and experiments第108-111页
            5.2.2.1 Denver Cell第108-109页
            5.2.2.2 Dean-Stark Extraction第109-111页
        5.2.3 Data Processing第111页
    5.3 Results and Discussions第111-115页
        5.3.1 Effects of Solvent Types and Dosages第111-113页
        5.3.2 Effects of Demulsifier第113-115页
    5.4 Summary第115-116页
Chapter 6 BITUMEN LIBERATION FROM OIL SANDS WITH CHEMICALADDITIVES第116-164页
    6.1 Introduction第116-118页
    6.2 Materials and methods第118-136页
        6.2.1 Materials第118-119页
            6.2.1.1 Oil sands ores第118页
            6.2.1.2 Process water and chemicals第118-119页
        6.2.2 Experimental section第119-128页
            6.2.2.1 Liberation test第119-121页
            6.2.2.2 Viscosity measurement by Rheometer第121-123页
            6.2.2.3 Interfacial tension measurement by micropipette第123页
            6.2.2.4 Contact angle measurement by drop shape analyzer第123-125页
            6.2.2.5 Liberation on micro-spherical glass using micropipette第125-128页
        6.2.3 Data analysis第128-136页
            6.2.3.1 Liberation analysis第128-136页
    6.3 Results and discussions第136-143页
        6.3.1 Effects of ore types and solvent addition第136-138页
        6.3.2 Effects of solvent types and dosages第138-140页
        6.3.3 Effects of demulsifier type and dosage第140-141页
        6.3.4 Effects of hydrodynamic force第141-143页
    6.4 Mechanisms of solvent-enhanced bitumen liberation第143-159页
        6.4.1 Viscosity of diluted bitumen第144-145页
        6.4.2 Interfacial tensions of diluted bitumen第145-146页
        6.4.3 Link DBL with interfacial tension & viscosity第146-149页
        6.4.4 Effects of viscosity and interfacial tension on liberation rate第149-153页
        6.4.5 Contact angle measurements by micropipette第153-159页
            6.4.5.1 Equilibrium contact angle第153-155页
            6.4.5.2. Dynamic contact angle第155-157页
            6.4.5.3. Model Verification of Dynamic Contact Angle第157-159页
    6.5 Displacement of bitumen by water on glass surface with demulsifiersaddition第159-162页
    6.6 Summary第162-164页
Chapter 7 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AIR BUBBLES AND DILUTEDBITUMEN IN PROCESS WATER第164-187页
    7.1 Introduction第164-166页
    7.2 Materials and methods第166-172页
        7.2.1 Materials第166-168页
            7.2.1.1 Bitumen and chemicals第166页
            7.2.1.2 Water第166-168页
        7.2.2 Experiments第168-172页
            7.2.2.1 Induction timer measurements第168页
            7.2.2.2 Bubble coalescence measurements第168-170页
            7.2.2.3 Total organic carbon (TOC) measurements第170-171页
            7.2.2.4 Zeta potential measurements by zeta phoremeter第171页
            7.2.2.5 Ions concentration measurements by AAS第171-172页
    7.3 Results and discussion第172-184页
        7.3.1 Induction time of bubble-diluted bitumen attachment第172-173页
        7.3.2 Bubble coalescence with diluted bitumen immersed第173-177页
        7.3.3 TOC measurements第177-180页
        7.3.4 Characterizations of diluted bitumen surface第180-184页
    7.4 Adsorption mechanisms第184-186页
    7.5 Summary第186-187页
Chapter 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURERESEARCH第187-190页
    8.1 Conclusions第187-188页
    8.2 Recommendations for future research第188-190页
REFERENCES第190-212页
APPENDIX Ⅰ MATLAB PROGRAM CODES FOR BITUMEN LIBERATION第212-232页
    Ⅰ-1. Modified-Empirical method第212-214页
        Ⅰ-1.1. Algorithm procedure第212页
        Ⅰ-1.2. Withdraw RGB value in the color image第212-213页
        Ⅰ-1.3. Videos processing第213-214页
    Ⅰ-2. Gridding method第214-219页
        Ⅰ-2.1. Algorithm procedure第214页
        Ⅰ-2.2. Gridding method function第214-216页
        Ⅰ-2.3. Threshold value function for gridding method第216-219页
    Ⅰ-3. Edge-covering methods第219-225页
        Ⅰ-3.1. Algorithm procedure第219页
        Ⅰ-3.2. Matlab code第219-225页
    Ⅰ-4. Comparison between different methods第225-229页
    Ⅰ-5. Lighting condition effects and determination第229-232页
        Ⅰ-5.1. Effect of exposure time第229-230页
        Ⅰ-5.2. Effect of magnification第230-232页
APPENDIX Ⅱ THEORETICAL MODELS第232-235页
    Ⅱ-1. Displacement of bitumen on glass surface第232页
    Ⅱ-2. Bitumen recession on micro-spherical glass surface第232-235页
APPENDIX Ⅲ SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS第235-240页
    NOTATIONS第235-237页
    Greek Letters第237-238页
    Abbreviations第238-240页
LIST OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROJECTS ATTENDANCE第240-244页
    Published papers第240-241页
    Papers in preparation第241页
    Patents第241页
    Book chapter contribution第241页
    Conference attendance第241-242页
    Projects participation第242-244页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第244-247页

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