| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第1-10页 |
| List of Tables | 第10-11页 |
| List of Figures | 第11-12页 |
| Abstract | 第12-16页 |
| 摘要 | 第16-19页 |
| Abbreviations | 第19-20页 |
| Chapter 1 Literature review | 第20-33页 |
| ·Sulfur in soil | 第21页 |
| ·Sulfur uptake, assimilation and metabolism in plants | 第21-23页 |
| ·Physiological and metabolic changes in plants under sulfur starvation | 第23-24页 |
| ·Sulfur and nitrogen interaction in plants | 第24-25页 |
| ·Interaction of sulfur with other nutrients | 第25-26页 |
| ·Sulfur for better crop production | 第26-27页 |
| ·Sulfur-mediated defense against environmental stresses | 第27-31页 |
| ·Barley and crop production | 第31-32页 |
| ·Research objectives | 第32-33页 |
| Chapter 2 Alleviation effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on aluminum toxicity in barley | 第33-52页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第34-38页 |
| ·Plant material and growth condition | 第34-36页 |
| ·Measurements of plant height, root length, dry weight and S, Al and other metal concentrations | 第36页 |
| ·Examination of root Al distribution | 第36页 |
| ·Measurement of chlorophyll content and photosynthesis parameters | 第36-37页 |
| ·Determination of relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and lipid peroxidation | 第37页 |
| ·Assay of enzyme activities | 第37-38页 |
| ·Statictical analysis | 第38页 |
| ·Results | 第38-47页 |
| ·H_2S donor alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and biomass | 第38-40页 |
| ·H_2S suppressed Al uptake in barley plants under Al stress | 第40-41页 |
| ·Effect of Al and H_2S on nutrient content | 第41-42页 |
| ·Effect of Al and H_2S on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters | 第42-43页 |
| ·H_2S reduced Al-induced electrolyte leakage and over accumulation of lipid peroxidation | 第43-44页 |
| ·Response of antioxidant enzymes to Al and H_2S addition | 第44-47页 |
| ·Effect of H_2S and Al on ATPase activity in barley roots | 第47页 |
| ·Discussion | 第47-51页 |
| Conclusion | 第51-52页 |
| Chapter 3 Effect of exogenous H_2S on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidative capacity ofbarley plants under cadmium stress | 第52-67页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第53-56页 |
| ·Plant material and growth condition | 第53-54页 |
| ·Plant growth, biomass and Cd determination | 第54页 |
| ·Estimation of lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein | 第54-55页 |
| ·Assay of enzyme activities | 第55页 |
| ·Determination of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters | 第55页 |
| ·ROS determination | 第55页 |
| ·Histochemical detection of root plasma membrane integrity | 第55-56页 |
| ·Determination of reduced GSH and reduced ascorbic acid contents | 第56页 |
| ·Statictical analyses | 第56页 |
| ·Results | 第56-65页 |
| ·Effect of Cd and exogenous H_2S on biomass and plant growth of barley seedlings | 第56-58页 |
| ·Effect of Cd and exogenous H_2S on Cd concentration in barley | 第58-59页 |
| ·Effect of Cd and H_2S on photosynthetic parameters | 第59-60页 |
| ·Effect of H_2S on Cd-induced oxidative stress in barley | 第60-61页 |
| ·Effect of Cd and H_2S on antioxidative enzymes | 第61-63页 |
| ·Effect of exogenous NaHS on H_2O_2 and O_2 production in roots | 第63页 |
| ·Effect of exogenous NaHS on GSH and AsA in roots | 第63-65页 |
| ·Discussion | 第65-67页 |
| Chapter 4 Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidativesystem of barley under salinity stress | 第67-79页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第68-70页 |
| ·Plant material and growth condition | 第68-69页 |
| ·Plant growth, biomass and Cd determination | 第69页 |
| ·Estimation of lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein | 第69-70页 |
| ·Determination of chlorophyll content and gas exchange and photosynthetic parameters | 第70页 |
| ·Assay of enzyme activities | 第70页 |
| ·Statistical analyses | 第70页 |
| ·Results | 第70-76页 |
| ·Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on biomass and plant growth of barley | 第70-71页 |
| ·Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on Na~+, K~+ uptake and Na~+/K~+ ratio | 第71-72页 |
| ·Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on photosynthetic parameters | 第72-74页 |
| ·Effect of H_2S on salt-induced oxidative stress in barley | 第74页 |
| ·Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on antioxidative enzymes | 第74-76页 |
| ·Discussion | 第76-79页 |
| Chapter 5 Effect of sulfur nutrition on growth, nutrient uptake and grain composition ofbarley | 第79-94页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第81-83页 |
| ·Growth conditions | 第81-82页 |
| ·Sampling and analysis | 第82页 |
| ·Elemental concentration of plant tissues | 第82页 |
| ·Beta-amylase assay | 第82页 |
| ·Statistical analyses | 第82-83页 |
| ·Results | 第83-91页 |
| ·Effect of S nutrition on growth and yield components | 第83-84页 |
| ·Effect of S nutrition on S and macro-elements concentrations in barley plants | 第84-85页 |
| ·Effect of S nutrition on micro-nutrients in barley plants | 第85-88页 |
| ·Effect of S on nutrient composition in barley grains | 第88-90页 |
| ·Effect of S nutrition on beta-amylase activity | 第90-91页 |
| ·Discussion | 第91-94页 |
| Chapter 6 Proteome and amino acid profile in mature barley grains as affected by sulfurfertilization | 第94-113页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第95-97页 |
| ·Growth conditions | 第95页 |
| ·Protein extraction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis | 第95页 |
| ·Protein visualization, image analysis, and quantification | 第95-96页 |
| ·Peptide and protein identification by database search | 第96-97页 |
| ·Amino acid analysis | 第97页 |
| ·Results | 第97-109页 |
| ·Changes in protein profile of barley grains induced by S nutrition | 第97-109页 |
| ·Protein involved in carbohydrate metabolism | 第100页 |
| ·Stress-related proteins | 第100-101页 |
| ·Enzyme inhibitors | 第101页 |
| ·Proteins involved in protein synthesis, folding and storage | 第101-109页 |
| ·Effect of S nutrition on amino acid contents | 第109页 |
| ·Discussion | 第109-113页 |
| References | 第113-120页 |
