| 摘要 | 第3-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-8页 |
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 第14-36页 |
| 1.1. BACKGROUND | 第14-19页 |
| 1.1.1. Deploying Renewables to Curb Climate Change | 第14-16页 |
| 1.1.2. Challenges Presented by Renewable Penetration | 第16-19页 |
| 1.2. ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE (EES) AND RENEWABLE INTEGRATION APPLICATIONS | 第19-36页 |
| 1.2.1. EES Technologies and Selected BES Technologies | 第19-23页 |
| 1.2.2. Key Parameters of BES Performance | 第23-25页 |
| 1.2.3. Overview of Applications for Renewable Integration and Potential Roles for BES | 第25-30页 |
| 1.2.4. New Market Opportunities for BES Systems | 第30-36页 |
| 2. AIM OF RESEARCH | 第36-43页 |
| 2.1. RESEARCH GAPS | 第36-43页 |
| 2.1.1. LCA Studies of Wind Turbines and Solar Panels | 第37-39页 |
| 2.1.2. LCA Studies for Batteries | 第39-41页 |
| 2.1.3 Research Questions and Objectives | 第41-43页 |
| 3. RESEARCH METHODS | 第43-51页 |
| 3.1. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) | 第43-46页 |
| 3.2. META-ANALYSIS | 第46-51页 |
| 3.2.1. Introduction of Meta-analysis | 第46-48页 |
| 3.2.2. Existing Reviews of Low-carbon Technologies | 第48-51页 |
| 4. CRITICAL REVIEW OF LCA STUDIES ON BES | 第51-86页 |
| 4.1. GOALS AND SCOPES | 第51页 |
| 4.2. SELECTING CRITERIA | 第51-55页 |
| 4.3. SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON OF LCAS | 第55-67页 |
| 4.3.1. Goals and Scopes of Reviewed LCAs | 第56-65页 |
| 4.3.2. Energy Mix for Battery Production and Battery Charge | 第65-66页 |
| 4.3.3. Data Quality and Availability | 第66-67页 |
| 4.4. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS | 第67-86页 |
| 4.4.1. Cradle to Gate GHG Impacts of Battery Production | 第68-74页 |
| 4.4.2. Life Cycle GHG Impacts of Batteries in Conjunction with Power Sources | 第74-86页 |
| 5. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS | 第86-92页 |
| 5.1. DATA REPORT AND SHARE | 第86-87页 |
| 5.2. PROMOTING ELECTRIC MARKET REFORM | 第87-88页 |
| 5.3. POLICY INCENTIVES | 第88-89页 |
| 5.4. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT | 第89-92页 |
| 6. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH | 第92-98页 |
| 6.1. LIMITATIONS OF THIS PAPER | 第92-95页 |
| 6.2. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTITRE RESEARCH | 第95-98页 |
| 7. CONCLUSIONS | 第98-102页 |
| 7.1. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES | 第98-99页 |
| 7.2. LIFE CYCLE GHG IMPACTS OF BES SYSTEMS IN POWER SYSTEMS | 第99-102页 |
| REFERENCES | 第102-114页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第114-116页 |
