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原儿茶酸影响动物肠道屏障功能的研究

致谢第13-14页
摘要第14-17页
Abstract第17-20页
Abbreviations第21-26页
Chapter Ⅰ: Literature Review第26-57页
    1. Protocatechuic Acid and Its Properties第26-35页
        1.1 Overview of Protocatechuic Acid第26页
        1.2 Distribution and Occurrence第26-27页
        1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties第27-28页
            1.3.1 Physical Properties第27-28页
            1.3.2 Chemical Properties第28页
        1.4 Pharmacological Properties第28-35页
            1.4.1 Antibacterial Activity第28-29页
            1.4.2 Antiviral Activity第29页
            1.4.3 Anticancer Activity第29-32页
            1.4.4 Antioxidant Activity第32-33页
            1.4.5 Anti-Inflammatory Activity第33-34页
            1.4.6 Antiulcer Activity第34-35页
    2. Research Progresses in Salmonella第35-41页
        2.1 Introduction of Salmonella第35页
        2.2 Subspecies of Salmonella第35-36页
        2.3 Pathogenicity Islands第36-38页
        2.4 Salmonella Infection and Intestinal Immune Response第38-41页
    3. Macrophages Activation and Function第41-48页
        3.1 Overview of Macrophages第41页
        3.2 Sources and Types of Macrophages第41-42页
        3.3 Activation and Polarization第42-45页
            3.3.1 Classically Activated Macrophages第42-44页
            3.3.2 Wound-healing Macrophages第44-45页
        3.4 Function of Macrophages第45-48页
            3.4.1 Secretion第45-46页
            3.4.2 Phagocytosis第46页
            3.4.3 Antigen Presentation第46-47页
            3.4.4 Tissue Repair第47-48页
    4. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidation第48-56页
        4.1 Development and Mechanism of Oxidative Stress第48-51页
            4.1.1 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)第50-51页
            4.1.2 Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS)第51页
        4.2 Damages of Oxidative Stress第51-53页
            4.2.1 Protein Oxidation第51-52页
            4.2.2 DNA Oxidation第52-53页
            4.2.3 RNA Oxidation第53页
        4.3 Antioxidative Stress and Antioxidants第53-56页
    5. Aims and Objectives第56-57页
Chapter Ⅱ: Methology and Data Analysis第57-160页
    1. Protocatechuic Acid Exerted Antibacterial Activity第57-69页
        1.1 Introduction第57-58页
        1.2 Materials第58-59页
            1.2.1 Drug第58页
            1.2.2 Strain第58页
            1.2.3 Reagents第58-59页
            1.2.4 Laboratory Equipment第59页
        1.3 Methods第59-64页
            1.3.1 Purification of Bacterial Culture and Preparation of Inoculums第60页
            1.3.2 Inhibitory Effect of PCA on the Growth of Four Strains第60页
            1.3.3 Bactericidal Effect of PCA on Four Strains第60-61页
            1.3.4 Relative Expression of Virulence Gene of S. Typhimurium第61-64页
            1.3.5 Statistical Analysis第64页
        1.4 Results第64-67页
            1.4.1 PCA Inhibited growth of S. typhimurium, Cl. perfringens, E. coli and S. aureus第64-65页
            1.4.2 Bactericidal Effect of PCA on the Four Strains in Vitro第65-66页
            1.4.3 PCA Regulated Gene Expression of S. typhimurium Virulence Factors第66-67页
        1.5 Discussion第67-69页
    2 Protocatechuic Acid Enhanced Intestinal Barrier Function of Mice and the Ability toDefense Salmonella第69-109页
        2.1 Introduction第69页
        2.2 Materials第69-72页
            2.2.1 Drug第69-70页
            2.2.2 Animals第70页
            2.2.3 Strain第70页
            2.2.4 Reagents第70-71页
            2.2.5 Laboratory Equipment第71-72页
        2.3 Methods第72-78页
            2.3.1 Preliminary experiment第72页
            2.3.2 Experimental Protocols第72页
            2.3.3 Sampling第72-74页
            2.3.4 Hematoxylin and eosin Staining (HE)第74页
            2.3.5 Examination of Tissue Using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)第74页
            2.3.6 Immunohistochemistry第74-75页
            2.3.7 Biochemical Determinations第75页
            2.3.8 Cytokine Assay第75页
            2.3.9 RT PCR and Quantitative PCR第75-77页
            2.3.10 S. typhimurium Burden in Organs and Feces第77页
            2.3.11 DNA Extraction, V4-V5 16S rRNA Gene Amplification and MicrobiotaCommunity Analysis第77-78页
            2.3.12 Statistical Analysis第78页
        2.4 Results第78-104页
            2.4.1 Protection of PCA on mice challenged with S. typhimurium第78-79页
            2.4.2 PCA increased the body weight of normal mice第79-80页
            2.4.3 PCA reduced mortality and weight loss of mice infected with S. typhimuriuminfection第80页
            2.4.4 Effect of PCA on colon structure of mice with or without S. typhimurium infection第80-81页
            2.4.5 Effect of PCA on ileum structure against infection with S.typhimurium第81-83页
            2.4.6 Effect of PCA on liver structure and liver apoptosis第83-87页
            2.4.7 Effect of PCA on spleen index and structure spleen index第87-88页
            2.4.8 Effect of PCA on tissue colonization following oral infection with S. Typhimurium第88-90页
            2.4.9 PCA down-regulated on relative abundance of virulence gene of S. Typhimuriumin vivo (cecum)第90-91页
            2.4.10 Effect of PCA on MPO activity in ileum and colon第91-92页
            2.4.11 Effect of PCA on production of NO第92-93页
            2.4.12 Effect of PCA on secretion of sIgA and IgG第93-94页
            2.4.13 Effect of PCA on gene expression of cytokines response to S. Typhimurium第94-98页
            2.4.14 Effect of PCA on cytokine response to S. Typhimurium infection in plasma andcolon第98-100页
            2.4.15 PCA improved intestinal microflora to promote intestinal health and resistinfection with S. typhimurium第100-104页
        2.5 Discussion第104-107页
            2.5.1 Effect of PCA on immune function in normal mice第104-105页
            2.5.2 PCA enhanced the ability of mice against infection with S. typhimurium第105-107页
        2.6 Brief Summary第107-109页
    3 Phagocytosis Protocatechuic Acid Regulated the Function of RAW264.7 Cells andPromotes M1 polarization第109-132页
        3.1 Introduction第109-110页
        3.2 Materials第110-113页
            3.2.1 Drug第110页
            3.2.2 Cell第110-111页
            3.2.3 Strain第111页
            3.2.4 Reagents第111-112页
            3.2.5 Laboratory Equipment第112-113页
        3.3 Methods第113-117页
            3.3.1 Cells and Culture Conditions第113页
            3.3.2 Cytotoxicity Assay第113-114页
            3.3.3 Cell Activation Assay第114页
            3.3.4 Evaluation of Nitric Oxide Synthesis第114-115页
            3.3.5 Cytokine Assay第115页
            3.3.6 RT PCR and Quantitative PCR第115-116页
            3.3.7 Analysis of Bactericidal Activity第116-117页
            3.3.8 Phagocytosis Assay第117页
            3.3.9 Flow Cytometry Analysis第117页
            3.3.10 Statistical Analysis第117页
        3.4 Results第117-127页
            3.4.1 Cytotoxicity Analysis of PCA on RAW 264.7 Macrophages第117-118页
            3.4.2 PCA Promoted the Activation of RAW264.7 Macrophages第118-121页
            3.4.3 PCA Enhanced the Immune Response of RAW264.7 Macrophages第121-127页
        3.5 Discussion第127-131页
        3.6 Brief Summary第131-132页
    4 Protocatechuic Acid Improved Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Intestinalhealth of Chinese Yellow broilers第132-160页
        4.1 Introduction第132-133页
        4.2 Materials第133-135页
            4.2.1 Drug第133页
            4.2.2 Animals第133页
            4.2.3 Reagents第133-134页
            4.2.4 Laboratory Equipment第134-135页
        4.3 Methods第135-142页
            4.3.1 Chicken husbandry第135页
            4.3.2 Experimental diets第135-138页
            4.3.3 Measurement on growth performance第138页
            4.3.4 Calculation of carcass characteristics第138页
            4.3.5 Determination of meat quality第138-139页
            4.3.6 Blood and tissue sampling第139页
            4.3.7 Biochemical Determinations第139-140页
            4.3.8 ELISA第140页
            4.3.9 RT PCR and Quantitative PCR第140-141页
            4.3.10 TEM第141页
            4.3.11 DNA Extraction, V4-V5 16S rRNA Gene Amplification and MicrobiotaCommunity Analysis第141-142页
            4.3.12 Statistical Analysis第142页
        4.4 Results第142-155页
            4.4.1 Growth performance第142-144页
            4.4.2 Slaughter performance第144-145页
            4.4.3 Meat Quality第145页
            4.4.4 Biochemical Analyses第145-148页
            4.4.5 Cytokines and Immunoglobulin第148-150页
            4.4.6 Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM)第150-151页
            4.4.7 Gene expression第151-152页
            4.4.8 Microflora analysis第152-155页
        4.5 Discussion第155-159页
            4.5.1 PCA enhanced growth performance of broilers第155页
            4.5.2 PCA improved meat quality of broilers第155-156页
            4.5.3 PCA improved the antioxidant capacity and alleviated the oxidative of broilers第156-157页
            4.5.4 PCA modulated immune system and improved intestinal barrier function第157-158页
            4.5.5 PCA improved the structure of intestinal flora to promote intestinal health第158-159页
        4.6 Brief Summary第159-160页
Chapter Ⅲ: Conclusion第160-162页
    1 Conclusion第160页
    2 Indication第160页
    3 Suggested Future Work第160-162页
References第162-193页
个人简历第193-194页

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