| ABSTRACT | 第5页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第11-18页 |
| 1.1 Introduction: | 第11页 |
| 1.2 Transformer core saturation problems | 第11-16页 |
| 1.2.1 Inrush Current | 第12-13页 |
| 1.2.2 Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) | 第13-16页 |
| 1.2.2.1 GIC impact on transformers | 第13-14页 |
| 1.2.2.2 GIC level | 第14-16页 |
| 1.3 Objectives | 第16页 |
| 1.4 Thesis outline | 第16-18页 |
| Chapter 2 Solar Storms, GIC and Basics of Transformers | 第18-31页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第18页 |
| 2.2 Solar Storm | 第18-19页 |
| 2.3 Sunspots and the Sunspot Cycle | 第19页 |
| 2.4 Some Space Weather Phenomena | 第19-21页 |
| 2.4.1 Solar Flare | 第20页 |
| 2.4.2 CME | 第20-21页 |
| 2.4.3 SPE | 第21页 |
| 2.5 GICs,the Causal Factors Associated with GICs | 第21-22页 |
| 2.6 Basics of Power Transformers | 第22-31页 |
| 2.6.1 Introduction | 第22页 |
| 2.6.2 Transformer Structure | 第22-23页 |
| 2.6.3 Main Component-Winding | 第23页 |
| 2.6.4 Main Component-Transformer Core | 第23-26页 |
| 2.6.5 Transformer Core Materials | 第26-31页 |
| Chapter 3 Effect of GICs on Transformers & Mitigation | 第31-56页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第31页 |
| 3.2 History of geomagnetic storms and GICs | 第31-33页 |
| 3.2.1 March 13 th-14 th, 1989 Hydro-Quebec | 第32页 |
| 3.2.2 October 19 th- November 7 th,2003-Halloween Storm | 第32-33页 |
| 3.3 GIC impact on power systems | 第33-35页 |
| 3.4 GIC effects on protection and control circuits | 第35-37页 |
| 3.4.1 GIC effects on Relays | 第35-36页 |
| 3.4.2 GIC effects on Current Transformer (CT's) | 第36页 |
| 3.4.3 GIC effects on Generators | 第36页 |
| 3.4.4 GIC effects on Global Positioning System (GPS) | 第36-37页 |
| 3.4.5 GIC effects on Communication Systems | 第37页 |
| 3.4.6 GIC effects on Circuit Breakers (CB) | 第37页 |
| 3.5 GIC effects on power transformer | 第37-39页 |
| 3.5.1 Introduction | 第37-38页 |
| 3.5.2 Core Losses | 第38-39页 |
| 3.5.3 Winding Losses | 第39页 |
| 3.6 Transformer Operation with GIC | 第39-41页 |
| 3.7 GIC Modeling | 第41-47页 |
| 3.7.1 Introduction | 第41-43页 |
| 3.7.2 Geoelectric Field Calculations | 第43-44页 |
| 3.7.3 GIC calculation | 第44-46页 |
| 3.7.4 GIC modeling in power systems | 第46-47页 |
| 3.8 GICs Mitigation | 第47-54页 |
| 3.8.1 Introduction | 第47-49页 |
| 3.8.2 Disconnect at Neutral | 第49页 |
| 3.8.3 Inductor at Neutral | 第49-50页 |
| 3.8.4 Resistor at Neutral | 第50页 |
| 3.8.5 Mitigation using Capacitor | 第50-51页 |
| 3.8.5.1 Series Capacitor at Transmission Line | 第50-51页 |
| 3.8.5.2 Capacitor at Neutral | 第51页 |
| 3.8.6 Neutral Blocking and By-Pass Device (NBBD) | 第51-54页 |
| 3.9 New Mitigation Method | 第54-56页 |
| 3.9.1 Introduction | 第54页 |
| 3.9.2 Ferroresonance | 第54-56页 |
| Chapter 4 Steady State Magnetic Circuit Modelling for Transformers | 第56-72页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第56-57页 |
| 4.2 Simplified three-limb transformer core model | 第57页 |
| 4.3 Improved three-limb transformer core model | 第57-61页 |
| 4.4 Analysis of Circulation Paths of GICs in (3-Φ)Transformer Windings | 第61-66页 |
| 4.4.1 Introduction | 第61页 |
| 4.4.2 Y- YgTransformer Equivalent Analysis Model | 第61-64页 |
| 4.4.2.1 Y-Yg Transformer connection Analysis | 第63页 |
| 4.4.2.2 GIC by Y-Yg-type transformer flow path analysis regardless of load current | 第63-64页 |
| 4.4.3 Yg-Δ Transformer Equivalent Analysis Model | 第64-66页 |
| 4.4.4 GIC Analysis for Yg-Δ transformer | 第66页 |
| 4.5 Differential Protection for Three Phase Power Transformer | 第66-72页 |
| 4.5.1 Introduction | 第66-67页 |
| 4.5.2 Type of Faults Encountered in Transformers | 第67-68页 |
| 4.5.2.1 External Fault | 第67页 |
| 4.5.2.2 Internal Fault | 第67-68页 |
| 4.5.3 Effects of GICs on Transformer Differential Protection | 第68-69页 |
| 4.5.3.1 Analysis the effects of GICs on the transformer after system failure | 第68-69页 |
| 4.5.3.2 Effect of GIC on CT after system failure | 第69页 |
| 4.5.4 The effect of the control device on the differential protection of the transformer | 第69-72页 |
| 4.5.4.1 System simulation model after isolation device | 第69-70页 |
| 4.5.4.2 The effect of the isolation device on the single-phase ground fault | 第70-72页 |
| Chapter 5 Transformers Modeling with GIC, Results and Discussion | 第72-88页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第72页 |
| 5.2 Case 1:GIC effect on single-phase transformer | 第72-76页 |
| 5.2.1 Single-Phase Transformer Circuit | 第72-73页 |
| 5.2.2 Single-Phase Transformer Model | 第73-75页 |
| 5.2.2.1 Case One:Normal operation | 第74页 |
| 5.2.2.2 Case Two: operation with GICs | 第74-75页 |
| 5.2.2.3 Case Three: Mitigate using Capacitor: two values of capacitors | 第75页 |
| 5.2.3 Results Discussion | 第75-76页 |
| 5.2.3.1 Case One: Normal Operation (without GICs) | 第75页 |
| 5.2.3.2 Case Two: Operation with GICs | 第75-76页 |
| 5.2.3.3 Case Three: Mitigation using Capacitor | 第76页 |
| 5.3 GIC effects on Three-Phase Transformer | 第76-80页 |
| 5.3.0 Three-Phase Transformer Circuit | 第76页 |
| 5.3.1 Three-Phase Transformer Model | 第76-77页 |
| 5.3.2 Analysis the Main Model | 第77-79页 |
| 5.3.2.1 Normal operation (without GICs) | 第77页 |
| 5.3.2.2 Mitigation GIC by using Resistor and Capacitor | 第77-78页 |
| 5.3.2.3 Operation with GIC | 第78-79页 |
| 5.3.2.4 Mitigation GIC using Capacitor and Resistor connected parallel | 第79页 |
| 5.3.3 Discussion | 第79-80页 |
| 5.3.3.1 Case one: normal operation (without GIC) | 第79页 |
| 5.3.3.2 Case two: operation with GIC | 第79页 |
| 5.3.3.3 Case three: mitigation method | 第79-80页 |
| 5.3.4 Conclusion | 第80页 |
| 5.4 Harmonic Analysis, Reactive & Active Power for Power Transformer | 第80-84页 |
| 5.4.1 Conclusion | 第83-84页 |
| 5.5 Differential Protection for Power Transformer | 第84-88页 |
| 5.5.1 Case one at Normal Operation without Saturation | 第84-85页 |
| 5.5.2 GIC on Differential Protection | 第85-87页 |
| 5.5.3 Effect of Capacitor on Differential protection for Transformer with GIC | 第87页 |
| 5.5.4 Discussion | 第87-88页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Work | 第88-90页 |
| 6.1 Conclusion | 第88-89页 |
| 6.2 Future Work | 第89-90页 |
| References | 第90-93页 |
| Paper Publish | 第93-94页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第94页 |
