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模拟油砂的二氧化硅微粒在非水溶剂中的团聚

中文摘要第3-9页
ABSTRACT第9-10页
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION第16-25页
    1.1 Bitumen extraction from oil sands (Water-based extraction)第16-18页
    1.2 Issues in water-based extraction第18-20页
    1.3 Objectives第20-23页
    1.4 Research methodologies第23-24页
    1.5 Organization of the thesis第24-25页
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW第25-44页
    2.1 Oil sands resources第25-31页
        2.1.1 Bitumen第26-29页
            2.1.1.1 Asphaltene第27-29页
            2.1.1.2 Maltenes第29页
        2.1.2 Solids第29-31页
    2.2 Oil sands froth treatment第31-36页
        2.2.1 Aromatic froth treatment第32-33页
        2.2.2 Paraffinic froth treatment第33-34页
        2.2.3 Current mechanism of paraffinic froth treatment第34-36页
    2.3 Sedimentation of fine particles第36-38页
        2.3.1 Flocculation第37-38页
        2.3.2 Effect of flocculation on sedimentation第38页
    2.4 Forces in colloidal systems第38-44页
        2.4.1 Electrostatic forces第40-41页
        2.4.2 Steric forces第41-42页
        2.4.3 Van der Waals forces第42-44页
Chapter 3 MACRO-SCALE EXPERIMENT: AGGREGATION OF SILICA PARTICLES IN NON-AQUEOUS MEDIA第44-61页
    3.1 Introduction第44-45页
    3.2 Experimental第45-48页
        3.2.1 Materials and chemicals第45-46页
        3.2.2 Experimental apparatus第46页
        3.2.3 Sample preparation第46-48页
            3.2.3.1 Preparation of untreated (“clean”) silica particles第47页
            3.2.3.2 Preparation of hydrophobic silica particles第47页
            3.2.3.3 Preparation of bitumen-treated silica particles第47-48页
    3.3 Results and discussion第48-59页
        3.3.1 Dispersion of silica particles第48-51页
        3.3.2 Quantifying settling rate of silica particles in non-aqueous media第51-55页
            3.3.2.1 Quantifying solid content-Evaluating the “ashing”technique第52-53页
            3.3.2.2 Determining settling rate of silica particles in non-aqueous media第53-55页
        3.3.3 Aggregation of silica particles第55-59页
            3.3.3.1 Effect of surface treatment第55-58页
            3.3.3.2 Effect of solid concentration第58-59页
    3.4 Summary第59-61页
Chapter 4 MICRO-SCALE EXPERIMENT: THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GLASS SPHERES IN NON-AQUEOUS MEDIA第61-81页
    4.1 Introduction第61-62页
    4.2 Experimental第62-70页
        4.2.1 Materials and chemicals第62页
        4.2.2 Experimental apparatus第62-63页
        4.2.3 Sample preparation第63页
            4.2.3.1 Preparation of bitumen-treated silica particles第63页
            4.2.3.2 Preparation of bitumen-treated glass spheres第63页
        4.2.4 Microscopy observation第63-64页
        4.2.5 Preparation of micropipette第64-67页
        4.2.6 Interaction-measuring between glass spheres-Micropipette technique第67-70页
    4.3 Results and discussion第70-79页
        4.3.1 Microscope observations第70-71页
        4.3.2 The interactions between glass spheres in non-aqueous media — Micropipette technique第71-77页
            4.3.2.1 Interactions between untreated glass spheres in toluene第72-73页
            4.3.2.2 Interactions between bitumen-treated glass spheres in toluene第73-74页
            4.3.2.3 Interactions between untreated glass spheres in heptane第74-76页
            4.3.2.4 Interactions between bitumen-treated glass spheres in heptane第76-77页
        4.3.3 Attachment between two glass spheres in toluene (and in heptane)第77-79页
    4.4 Summary第79-81页
Chapter 5 MICRO-SCALE EXPERIMENT: ADHESIVE FORCE BETWEEN TWO GLASS SPHERES IN NON-AQUEOUS MEDIA第81-98页
    5.1 Introduction第81页
    5.2 Experimental第81-89页
        5.2.1 Materials and chemicals第81-82页
        5.2.2 Experimental apparatus第82-83页
        5.2.3 Sample preparation第83-84页
            5.2.3.1 Preparation of micropipette with melted round tip第83页
            5.2.3.2 Preparation of bitumen-treated tips第83-84页
        5.2.4 Microcantilever technique第84-89页
            5.2.4.1 Preparation of microcantilever第84-85页
            5.2.4.2 Adhesive force measurement第85-89页
    5.3 Results and discussion第89-97页
        5.3.1 Calculating stiffness of the microcantilever第89-92页
        5.3.2 Calibrating the microcantilever第92-93页
        5.3.3 Adhesive force measurement第93-97页
            5.3.3.1 Adhesive force between two untreated glass particles第93-94页
            5.3.3.2 Adhesive force between two bitumen-treated glass particles第94-97页
    5.4 Summary第97-98页
Chapter 6 BITUMEN ADSORPTION ON SILICA SURFACES第98-110页
    6.1 Introduction第98页
    6.2 Experimental第98-100页
        6.2.1 Basic principles of XPS第98-99页
        6.2.2 Quantification of surface elements by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy第99-100页
    6.3 Results and discussion第100-109页
        6.3.1 Survey spectra第100-102页
        6.3.2 High resolution analysis第102-109页
            6.3.2.1 Oxygen spectra第102-104页
            6.3.2.2 Silica spectra第104-106页
            6.3.2.3 Carbon spectra第106-107页
            6.3.2.4 Sulfur spectra第107-108页
            6.3.2.5 Nitrogen spectra第108-109页
    6.4 Summary第109-110页
Chapter 7 PRELIMINARY STUDY OF AGGREGATION OF BITUMEN-TREATED SILICA PARTICLES IN NON-AQUEOUS MEDIA第110-119页
    7.1 Introduction第110-111页
    7.2 Experimental第111-115页
        7.2.1 Materials and chemicals第111页
        7.2.2 Experimental apparatus第111-112页
        7.2.3 Sample preparation第112-115页
            7.2.3.1 Preparation of solids-free bitumen第112-114页
            7.2.3.2 Preparation of asphaltene第114页
            7.2.3.3 Preparation of de-asphalted bitumen第114页
            7.2.3.4 Preparation of bitumen-treated silica particles第114-115页
            7.2.3.5 Preparation of asphaltene-treated silica particles第115页
            7.2.3.6 Preparation of de-asphalted-bitumen-treated silica particles第115页
    7.3 Results and discussion第115-117页
        7.3.1 Effect of surface treatment methods第115-116页
        7.3.2 Effect of bitumen concentration第116-117页
    7.4 Summary第117-119页
Chapter 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS第119-123页
    8.1 General findings第119-121页
    8.2 Claim of original research第121页
    8.3 Recommendations for further research第121-123页
REFERENCES第123-141页
APPENDIX Ⅰ第141-158页
APPENDIX Ⅱ第158-160页
发表论文和科研情况说明第160-161页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第161-162页

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