| 摘要 | 第12-14页 |
| Abstract | 第14-16页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第17-32页 |
| 1.1 Land degradation | 第17页 |
| 1.2 Biochar | 第17-18页 |
| 1.3 Organic Manures | 第18-19页 |
| 1.4 Literature Review | 第19-28页 |
| 1.4.1 Saline, Sodic and Saline-sodic Soils | 第19页 |
| 1.4.2 Salinity | 第19-21页 |
| 1.4.3 Sodicity | 第21-22页 |
| 1.4.4 Salinity and Sodicity | 第22-23页 |
| 1.4.5 Problem of Soil Salinization and Sodicity | 第23-24页 |
| 1.4.6 Salinity and Sodicity influence on the Soil microbial community | 第24-25页 |
| 1.4.7 Soil Physico-chemical Properties as affected by Salinity and Sodicity | 第25-26页 |
| 1.4.8 Biochar Characterization as Influenced by Feedstock and Production Process | 第26-27页 |
| 1.4.9 Agronomic Significance of Biochar | 第27-28页 |
| 1.5 Biochar as Organic Amendment in Saline-sodic Soil | 第28-32页 |
| 1.5.1 Biochar-Soil Interaction with Nutrient Concentration in Soil | 第28-29页 |
| 1.5.2 Biochar and Manure on Soil Fertility | 第29-30页 |
| 1.5.3 Significance of research and hypothesis | 第30-32页 |
| 2 Materials and methods | 第32-36页 |
| 2.1 Materials and Methods of Experiment 1 | 第32-33页 |
| 2.1.1 Experimental Site, Soil sampling and Land preparation | 第32页 |
| 2.1.2 Biochar and Organic manure Amendment | 第32页 |
| 2.1.3 Experimental design | 第32-33页 |
| 2.1.4 Soil Analysis | 第33页 |
| 2.1.5 Biochar and Pig manure Analysis | 第33页 |
| 2.1.6 Statistical Analysis | 第33页 |
| 2.2 Materials and Methods in Experiment 2 | 第33-36页 |
| 2.2.1 Experimental location and Duration | 第34页 |
| 2.2.2 Soil sampling and Analysis | 第34页 |
| 2.2.3 Soil Microbial Biomass | 第34页 |
| 2.2.4 Soil Treatment and Experimental design | 第34-35页 |
| 2.2.5 Statistical Analysis | 第35-36页 |
| 3 Result Analyses | 第36-110页 |
| 3.1 Experiment 1: Effect of biochar (560℃) and Organic manure on Agronomic Propertiesand Nutrient Uptake | 第36-37页 |
| 3.1.1 Pre-cropping characteristics of the experimental soil | 第36-37页 |
| 3.1.2 Biochar and Pig Manure Characterization | 第37页 |
| 3.2 Agronomic Properties | 第37-47页 |
| 3.2.1 Effect of Biochar (560℃) and Pig manure on Plant height of Maize (cm) | 第37-38页 |
| 3.2.2 Effect of Biochar (560℃) and Pig manure on Stem girth (cm) | 第38-39页 |
| 3.2.3 Nutrient Uptake in plant as influenced by Biochar (560℃) and Pig manureapplication | 第39-42页 |
| 3.2.4 Macronutrient uptake in shoot dry biomass as influenced by biochar (560℃) andpig manure application | 第42-43页 |
| 3.2.5 Micronutrient uptake in shoot dry biomass as influenced by biochar (560℃) andpig manure application | 第43-44页 |
| 3.2.6 N, P and K in root dry biomass as influenced by biochar (560℃) and pig manureapplication | 第44-45页 |
| 3.2.7 Micronutrient in root as influenced by biochar (560℃) and pig manure application | 第45-47页 |
| 3.2.8 Effect of biochar (560℃) and pig manure application on Maize Grain Yield (t/ha) | 第47页 |
| 3.3 Experiment 1b: Effect of Biochar (800℃) and Organic manure on AgronomicProperties and Nutrient Uptake | 第47-56页 |
| 3.3.1 Effect of Biochar (800℃) and Pig manure on Plant height and Stem girth of maize(cm) | 第47-49页 |
| 3.3.2 Nutrients Uptake in plant as influenced by Biochar (800℃) and Organic manureapplication | 第49-52页 |
| 3.3.3 Macronutrient uptake in shoot dry biomass as influenced by biochar (800℃) andPig manure application | 第52-53页 |
| 3.3.4 Micronutrient uptake in shoot dry biomass as influenced by biochar (800℃) andPig manure application | 第53-54页 |
| 3.3.5 Root dry biomass as influenced by biochar (800℃) and pig manure application .. 38 | 第54-55页 |
| 3.3.6 The concentration of micronutrients in Root as influenced by biochar (800℃) andpig manure application | 第55-56页 |
| 3.3.7 Effect of biochar (800℃) and pig manure application on Maize Yield (t/ha) | 第56页 |
| 3.4 Experiment 2(a): Effect of Biochar (560℃) and Organic manure on Saline-sodic soilProperties | 第56-72页 |
| 3.4.1 Effect of biochar (560℃) and pig manure on Soil p H and EC | 第56-58页 |
| 3.4.2 Effect of biochar (560℃) and pig manure on Soil Organic C, Total N andAvailable P | 第58-61页 |
| 3.4.3 Effect of biochar (560℃) and pig manure application on Soil Available Bases | 第61-64页 |
| 3.4.5 Effect of biochar (560℃) and pig manure on DTPA Extractible micronutrients | 第64-67页 |
| 3.4.7 Effect of biochar (560℃) and pig manure on Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Soil NaPercentage | 第67页 |
| 3.4.8 Effect of biochar (560℃) and pig manure on ESP, TEB and PAR | 第67-69页 |
| 3.4.9 Effect of biochar (560℃) and pig manure on soil microbial biomass activities | 第69-72页 |
| 3.5 Experiment 2(b): Effect of biochar (800℃) and Organic manure on Saline-sodic soilProperties | 第72-87页 |
| 3.5.1 Effect of biochar (800℃) and pig manure on soil p H and EC | 第72-73页 |
| 3.5.2 Effect of biochar (800℃) and pig manure on Soil Organic C, Total N andAvailable P | 第73-75页 |
| 3.5.3 Effect of biochar (800℃) and pig manure application on Soil Available Bases | 第75-79页 |
| 3.5.4 Effect of biochar (800℃) and pig manure on DTPA extractible trace-nutrients | 第79-80页 |
| 3.5.5 Effect of biochar (800℃) and pig manure on Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Soil NaPercentage | 第80-82页 |
| 3.5.6 Effect of biochar (800℃) and pig manure on ESP, TEB and PAR | 第82-84页 |
| 3.5.7 Effect of biochar (800℃) and pig manure on soil microbial biomass activities | 第84-87页 |
| 3.6 Experiment 2: Incubation Study | 第87-98页 |
| 3.6.1 Experiment 2a: Effect of biochar on soil chemical and microbial properties | 第87页 |
| 3.6.2 Effect of biochar (560℃) application and incubation days on Soil p H and EC | 第87-88页 |
| 3.6.3 Effect of biochar (560℃) and incubation days on soil organic carbon, availablephosphorus and total nitrogen | 第88-90页 |
| 3.6.4 Effect of biochar (560℃) application and incubation days on exchangeable bases | 第90-93页 |
| 3.6.5 Effect of biochar (560℃) and incubation days on micronutrients | 第93-95页 |
| 3.6.6 Effect of biochar (560℃) and Incubation days on SAR, SNa% and PAR | 第95-96页 |
| 3.6.7 Effect of biochar (560℃) and incubation days on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus | 第96-98页 |
| 3.7 Experiment 2b | 第98-110页 |
| 3.7.1 Effect of biochar (800℃) and incubation days on soil p H and EC | 第98-99页 |
| 3.7.2 Effect of biochar (800℃) and incubation days on soil organic carbon, availablephosphorus and total nitrogen | 第99-101页 |
| 3.7.3 Effect of biochar (800℃) and incubation days on soil exchangeable bases | 第101-104页 |
| 3.7.4 Effect of biochar (800℃) and incubation days on soil micronutrients | 第104-106页 |
| 3.7.5 Effect of biochar and incubation days on Sodium Adsorption Ratio, SolubleSodium Percentage and Potassium Adsorption Ratio | 第106-107页 |
| 3.7.6 Effect of biochar (800℃) and incubation days on microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus | 第107-110页 |
| 4 DISCUSSIONS | 第110-116页 |
| 4.1 Effect of biochar and pig manure on plant growth and Nutrient uptake | 第110-111页 |
| 4.2 Effect of biochar and pig manure on soil physico-chemical properties | 第111-112页 |
| 4.3 Effect of High pyrolysis Biochar and Organic manure on soil Physico-chemicalproperties | 第112-114页 |
| 4.4 Effect of biochar and organic manure on soil microbial biomass activities | 第114页 |
| 4.5 Effect of biochar application and incubation days under an incubation study | 第114-116页 |
| 5 Conclusion | 第116-117页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第117-118页 |
| References | 第118-134页 |
| Publication in View | 第134页 |
