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Integrated Modeling for Urban Fringe Watershed Management Using Basins Model

Abstract (Chinese)第14-16页
Abstract (English)第16页
List of Tables第18-20页
List of Figures第20-24页
List of Appendix第24-25页
Chapter 1 - MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVE第25-37页
    1.1- Watershed Management第25-29页
        1.1.1- NPS Pollution in the Urban and Watershed Area Fringe第27页
        1.1.2- Urban Fringe Nonpoint Sources第27-28页
        1.1.3- Watershed Area Fringe Nonpoint Sources第28页
        1.1.4- Nonpoint pollution Sources Characterstics第28-29页
    1.2- Motivation第29-34页
        1.2.1- Objective and Goal第31-32页
        1.2.2- Scope of Study第32-33页
        1.2.3- Project Summary第33-34页
    1.3- Contribution of Study第34-37页
        1.3.1- Problem Solution第34-36页
        1.3.2- Objective for Integration第36-37页
Chapter 2 - BACKGROUND LITERATURE RESOURCES第37-55页
    2.1- Introduction第37-38页
    2.2- GIS-hydrological model第38-42页
        2.2.1- Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and nonpoint Sources第38-39页
        2.2.2- AGNPS Watershed Model第39-40页
        2.2.3- SWAT Model第40页
        2.2.4- Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model第40-41页
        2.2.5- Diffuse Pollution Modeling verses Distributed Approach第41-42页
    2.3- Integrated watershed modeling tools第42-52页
        2.3.1- GIS versus Water Quality Modeling第43-44页
        2.3.2- GIS as a Tool for Spatial Data Extraction第44-46页
        2.3.3- GIS with Remote Sensing第46页
        2.3.4- GIS with Digital Evaluation Modeling第46页
        3.2.5- Total Maximum Daily Load Modeling Process第46-49页
        3.2.6- Best Management Practice Approaches第49-50页
        2.3.7- Watershed Management With Neural Network第50-51页
        2.3.8- Nutrient Loss from Agriculture Watershed第51-52页
        2.3.9- Overview of Fertilizers Application with BMP approach第52页
    2.4- Comparison of proposed integrated procedure with pervious studies第52-55页
        2.4.1- Time Domain第52-53页
        2.4.2- Spatial Domain第53-54页
        2.4.3- Model Formulation第54-55页
Chapter 3 - DESCRIPTION OF TAIHU BASIN第55-75页
    3.1- Taihu Lake第55-57页
        3.1.1- Geographical Location第55页
        3.1.2- Taihu Lake Basin第55-57页
    3.2- Water Resource System第57-59页
        3.2.1- River Resources第57-58页
        3.2.2- Lake Resources第58页
        3.2.3- Precipitation第58-59页
        3.2.4- Evaporation第59页
        3.2.5- Surface Runoff第59页
    3.3- Basin Pollution Potential Scenario第59-65页
        3.3.1- Water Quality of Inflows Rivers Network第59-60页
        3.3.2- Existing Pollutant Loads of River and Stream Network第60-61页
        3.3.3- Lake Pollutants Load第61-64页
            3.3.3.1- Existing Pollutant Load第61-64页
            3.3.3.2- Allowed Loading Capacity第64页
        3.3.4- Urban Fringe Area Drinking Water Sources Threatening第64-65页
        3.3.5- Harassing of Surface Water Quality第65页
    3.4- Description of Study Area第65-74页
        3.4.1- MAP Topography of Study Area第65-66页
        3.4.2- Urban Fringe Watershed area of Xishan County第66-68页
        3.4.3- Effects of Total Maximum Daily Load on Watershed Management第68-73页
            3.4.3.1- Existing Situation of Water Pollution第68-69页
            3.4.3.2- Point Sources of Pollution第69-70页
            3.4.3.3- Nonpoint Sources of Pollution第70-73页
                3.4.3.3.1- Rural第71-73页
                3.4.3.3.2- Urban and Built up Areas第73页
                3.4.3.3.3- Water Resources第73页
        3.4.4- Implementation of Fertilizers第73-74页
    3.5- Summary and Conclusion第74-75页
Chapter 4 - INTEGRATED WATERSHED MODELING第75-94页
    4.1- Introduction第75-77页
        4.1.1- Why Develop a Watershed Model第75页
        4.1.2- Watershed Modeling Approach第75-76页
        4.1.3- Watershed Modeling Objectives第76页
        4.1.4- Modeling Uncertainty第76-77页
    4.2- Alternative Watershed Models第77-78页
        4.2.1- Simple or Screening Models第77页
        4.2.2- Mid-Range Models第77-78页
        4.2.3- Detailed Models第78页
    4.3- GIS-based Nonpoint Source Pollution Models第78-83页
        4.3.1- Integrated Watershed Modeling Application第79-80页
        4.3.2- Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Non-point Sources第80-81页
        4.3.3- Integration of GIS with BASINS Model第81-82页
        4.3.4- BASINS watershed model第82页
        4.3.5- PLOAD extension of BASINS version 3.0第82-83页
    4.4- GIS integration with TMDL procedure and BMP's第83-93页
        4.4.1- TMDL understanding第84-85页
        4.4.2- Elements of a Maximum Daily Loading Procedure第85页
        4.4.3- Urbanization verses TMDL Procedure第85-86页
        4.4.4- Monitoring the TMDL Procedure第86页
        4.4.5- Best Management Practice Utilization第86-93页
            4.4.5.1- Design Features of Retention basin for Nonpoint Source Treatment第91-93页
    4.5- Summary and Conclusion第93-94页
Chapter 5 - INTEGRATION METHODOLOGY AND FORMULATION第94-117页
    5.1- Methodology第94-97页
        5.1.1- Overview of Integration System第94-95页
        5.1.2- Water Quality Response to Non-Point Source Pollution第95页
        5.1.3- Non-Point Source Pollution Control with TMDL and BMP第95-97页
        5.1.4 PLOAD Integration System for Urban Fringe Watershed第97页
    5.2- Representative Surface Water Pollutants第97-100页
        5.2.1- Nitrate and Ammonium第98-99页
        5.2.2- Phosphorus Sources第99-100页
    5.3- Selection of Urban Fringe Region and Map Coordinate System第100-102页
    5.4- Mathematical expression of modeling components第102-116页
        5.4.1- Development of PLOAD Watershed Model第102-104页
            5.4.1.1- Pollutant loading allocation calculation第102-103页
            5.4.1.2.- Export coefficient method第103页
            5.4.1.3- Simple method第103-104页
        5.4.2- GIS- BMP Computation第104-105页
        5.4.3- Maximum Pollutants Loading Rate Estimation第105-106页
        5.4.4- Water Quality Modeling for Point Sources Inventory第106-109页
            5.4.4.1- Model Configuration and Numerical Solution第106页
            5.4.4.2- Code Modification第106-108页
            5.4.4.3- Numerical Solution第108-109页
        5.4.5- Calculation of Waste Load Allocation第109-112页
            5.4.5.1- Mathematical Formulation第110-111页
            5.4.5.2- Model Algorithm第111-112页
        5.4.6- Agriculture Runoff from the Farmlands第112-114页
            5.4.6.1- Time of Fertilizers Application第112-114页
        5.4.7- Identification of Non-point Sources第114-116页
            5.4.7.1- Neural Net Capability for Watershed Management第114页
            5.4.7.2- BPN Model Calculation第114-116页
    5.5- Summary and Conclusion第116-117页
Chapter-6 COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND DATA DEVELOPMENT第117-133页
    6.1- GIS software第117页
    6.2- MODEL software第117-120页
        6.2.1.- BASILS Version 2.0第118页
        6.2.2- BASILS Version 3.0第118-119页
        6.2.3- PLOAD extension of BASINS version 3.0第119-120页
    6.3- Data Source Development第120-132页
        6.3.1- Geographical Information System Data第121-125页
            6.3.1.1.- Watershed Boundary and Land use Data第121页
            6.3.1.2- BMP's Location and Site Features第121-122页
            6.3.1.3- Digital Terrain Representation第122-124页
            6.3.1.4- Reach File第124-125页
        6.3.2- Spreadsheet and Tabular Data第125-129页
            6.3.2.1- Export Coefficient Tables第125-126页
            6.3.2.2- Pollutants Loading Rate Data第126-128页
            6.3.2.3- BMP Removal Efficiency Table第128-129页
            6.3.2.4- Impervious Factor Table第129页
        6.3.3- Fertilizers Data第129-130页
        6.3.4- Hydrologic and Climatic Data第130-131页
        6.3.5- Development of Pollution Source Identification Data Set第131-132页
    6.4- Summary and Conclusion第132-133页
Chapter 7 - EVALUATION OF WATERSHED INTEGRATED PROCEDURE第133-190页
    7.1 Introduction第133-135页
        7.1.1- GIS and Cascade Modeling第133-135页
    7.2- Evaluation of Watershed Delineation第135-139页
        7.2.1- Preprocessing of DEM第135-136页
        7.2.2- Stream Definition第136页
        7.2.3- Definition of the Outlets Points第136-137页
        7.2.4- Watershed and Sub basins Delineation第137页
        7.2.5- Sub-basin and Stream Reach Parameter Calculation第137-138页
        7.2.6- Subdivision of Study Region into Modeling Units第138-139页
    7.3- Evaluation of Non-point Pollution Load第139-157页
        7.3.1- Adjustment of Loading Parameters第139-144页
            7.3.1.1- Runoff Generation第140-144页
            7.3.1.2- Flow generation calibration第144页
        7.3.2- Evaluation of Non-point Polluting Load from Agriculture第144-149页
        7.3.3- Nonpoint Polluting Loading from Urban Source第149-152页
        7.3.4- Evaluation of Fertilizers Application and Loss of Nutrients第152-157页
            7.3.4.1- Methodology第152-153页
            7.3.4.2- Results第153-157页
    7.4- Evaluation of Best Management Practice Utilization第157-167页
        7.4.1- SRB's Pollutants Removal Efficiency第157-158页
        7.4.2- Procedures Adopted for Artificial Impoundment第158-159页
        7.4.3- Design for Sedimentation Retention Basin第159-164页
            7.4.3.1- Rate removal efficiency第159-160页
            7.4.3.2- Hydraulic retention time第160页
            7.4.3.3- Terminal settling velocity第160-162页
            7.4.3.4- Adjustment of design parameters第162-163页
            7.4.3.5- Computation methodology for SRB's construction第163页
            7.4.3.6- Computation method adopted第163-164页
        7.4.4- Land Management Strategy第164-167页
            7.4.4.1- Results第164-165页
            7.4.4.2- Analysis第165-167页
    7.5.- Total Maximum Daily Load Process Evaluation第167-187页
        7.5.1.- Watershed Characterization第167页
        7.5.2- Water Quality Standard (WQS)第167-168页
        7.5.3- Estimation and Identification of Load Allocation第168-170页
            7.5.3.1- Evaluation of nonpoint sources identification第168-169页
            7.5.3.2- Model results第169页
            7.5.3.3- Evaluation第169-170页
        7.5.4- Identification of waste load allocation第170-177页
            7.5.4.1- Local transformation finite analytical method第171-174页
                7.5.4.1.1- Model implementation and results第173-174页
            7.5.4.2- Water quality modal application第174-175页
                7.5.4.2.1- Parameters estimation第175页
            7.5.4.3- Calibration and verification第175-176页
            7.5.4.4- Model testing第176-177页
        7.5.5- Linkage between Loading and Response第177-180页
            7.5.5.1- Simulation of point source pollution第177-179页
            7.5.5.2- Computation of waste load allocation第179-180页
        7.5.6- Margin of Safety第180-183页
        7.5.7- Allocate Pollutants Loading (TMDL)第183-186页
        7.5.8- Loading Allocation Requirements第186-187页
            7.5.8.1- Impact of WLA and LA reduction第186页
            7.5.8.2- Variation in flow and pollutants load第186-187页
            7.5.8.3- Future growth allocation第187页
            7.5.8.4- Temporal aspect第187页
    7.6- Summary and Conclusion第187-190页
Chapter 8 - SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS第190-200页
    8.1- The Application of GIS Technology第198页
        8.1.1- Terrain Based Modeling第198页
        8.1.2- Regional Modeling of Pollutants Allocation in Surface Water第198页
    8.2- Recommendations for Extending and Modifying the Work第198-199页
    8.3- Limitation of Study第199页
        8.3.1- Monitored and Observed Data第199页
        8.3.2- Rainfall and Land use第199页
    8.4- Model Limitations第199-200页
        8.4.1- Event-Based Model第199页
        8.4.2- Assumption Limitations第199-200页
REFERENCES第200-211页
APPENDIX第211-219页
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS第219-220页

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