| Abstract | 第1-8页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-9页 |
| Table of Contents | 第9-13页 |
| List of Figures | 第13页 |
| List of Tables | 第13-14页 |
| List of Appendices | 第14-15页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第15-20页 |
| ·Research background | 第15-18页 |
| ·Goals of this study | 第18-19页 |
| ·Structure of the thesis | 第19-20页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第20-31页 |
| ·The origin of cloze | 第20页 |
| ·The classifications of cloze | 第20-22页 |
| ·The function of a cloze test | 第22页 |
| ·The vexed issues on abilities tested in cloze | 第22-25页 |
| ·Uncertainty theory | 第25-29页 |
| ·Rationale and research questions | 第29-30页 |
| ·Summary | 第30-31页 |
| Chapter 3 Methodology | 第31-61页 |
| ·Research design | 第31-32页 |
| ·Participants | 第32页 |
| ·Teachers | 第32页 |
| ·Students | 第32页 |
| ·Materials | 第32-33页 |
| ·Instruments | 第33-59页 |
| ·Think-aloud tests | 第33-42页 |
| ·Administrative procedures | 第34-36页 |
| ·Data collection procedures | 第36-37页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第37-40页 |
| ·Open coding | 第37-39页 |
| ·Axial coding | 第39-40页 |
| ·Consideration for validity and reliability | 第40-41页 |
| ·Pilot study | 第41-42页 |
| ·Classroom observation | 第42-44页 |
| ·Data collection | 第42页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第42-44页 |
| ·Consideration for validity and reliability | 第44页 |
| ·Interviews | 第44-50页 |
| ·Data collection procedures | 第46-47页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第47-49页 |
| ·Considerations for validity and reliability | 第49-50页 |
| ·Questionnaire | 第50-59页 |
| ·Purpose | 第50页 |
| ·Structure and content of the questionnaire | 第50-53页 |
| ·Language | 第53页 |
| ·Pilot study | 第53-55页 |
| ·Data collecting procedures | 第55-56页 |
| ·Teacher questionnaire | 第55页 |
| ·Student questionnaire | 第55-56页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第56-59页 |
| ·Data entry | 第56页 |
| ·Data analysis of multiple choice items | 第56-57页 |
| ·Analyzing the materials of open-ended questions | 第57-58页 |
| ·Analysis of the left two items | 第58-59页 |
| ·Summary | 第59-61页 |
| Chapter 4 Results | 第61-78页 |
| ·Abilities to be tested in cloze test | 第61-65页 |
| ·Identical understanding of abilities to be tested | 第61-64页 |
| ·The ability of context understanding | 第61-63页 |
| ·Different abilities to be tested in GF cloze and MC cloze | 第63-64页 |
| ·Different opinions on abilities to be tested in the new cloze test | 第64-65页 |
| ·Summary | 第65页 |
| ·Preparatory work for cloze test | 第65-72页 |
| ·Similar understanding of preparatory work for cloze test | 第66-67页 |
| ·Uncertainties about how to prepare for the new cloze test | 第66页 |
| ·Centering on mock exercises and basic knowledge reviewing | 第66-67页 |
| ·Different understanding of preparatory work to do for cloze test | 第67-72页 |
| ·The importance of vocabulary and perception for students | 第67-68页 |
| ·The importance of analyzing sentence structure for teachers | 第68-69页 |
| ·Improving discrimination | 第69页 |
| ·Surprisingly different attitudes toward new cloze reform | 第69-70页 |
| ·Needing training urgently | 第70页 |
| ·The worry about the exact-word scoring method | 第70-72页 |
| ·Uncertainties in taking cloze test | 第72-77页 |
| ·Judging by language perception | 第72-73页 |
| ·Judging by common sense | 第73-74页 |
| ·Making random decisions | 第74-75页 |
| ·Comparing teachers with students on dealing with uncertainty | 第75-77页 |
| ·Different stratagies between students and teachers | 第75-76页 |
| ·Different attitudes on new words | 第76-77页 |
| ·Summary | 第77-78页 |
| Chapter 5 Discussion | 第78-91页 |
| ·Ability issues | 第78-81页 |
| ·Teachers' and students' certainties toward ability | 第78-79页 |
| ·Uncertainties identified in pilot study | 第79-81页 |
| ·Students'ambiguous understanding | 第81页 |
| ·Issues of preparing for cloze test | 第81-87页 |
| ·All the language points and more exercises for loss aversion | 第81-83页 |
| ·Different aspects of review—availability heuristic | 第83-84页 |
| ·The exact-word scoring method—the law of small numbers | 第84-85页 |
| ·The need for training | 第85页 |
| ·Differences in difficulty teachers and students had | 第85-86页 |
| ·GF cloze for improving discrimination | 第86-87页 |
| ·Complaining and guessing under uncertainty | 第87页 |
| ·Issues of uncertainties in taking cloze test | 第87-90页 |
| ·Rational stratagies used in taking cloze test | 第87-88页 |
| ·Intuitive stratagies used in taking cloze test | 第88-90页 |
| ·Language perception used in taking cloze test | 第89页 |
| ·Common sense for anchoring and adjustment | 第89页 |
| ·Random decisions for guesses | 第89-90页 |
| ·Summary | 第90-91页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion | 第91-95页 |
| ·Major findings of the study | 第91-92页 |
| ·Implications and applications | 第92-94页 |
| ·Limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research. | 第94-95页 |
| Bibliography | 第95-103页 |
| Appendices | 第103-116页 |
