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csgA、bcsA和rpoS基因在鸡白病和鼠伤寒沙门菌生物被膜形成及致病性中的作用研究

ABSTRACT第3-5页
摘要第6-18页
List of abbreviations and Symbols第18-20页
CHAPTER ONE:LITERATURE REVIEW第20-67页
    1.1 INTRODUCTION第20页
    1.2 Historical perspectives第20-21页
    1.3 Biofilm第21-22页
    1.4 Effect of biofilm formation on medicine第22-23页
    1.5 Effect of biofilm formation on food industry第23-24页
    1.6 Biofilm Lifecycle第24-26页
        1.6.1 Reversible attachment第24页
        1.6.2 Irreversible attachment第24-25页
        1.6.3/4 Aggregation and Maturation第25页
        1.6.5 Detachment第25-26页
    1.7 The main components that affect the formation of biofilm第26-33页
        1.7.1 Curli Biogenesis第26-29页
        1.7.2 Cellulose production第29-30页
        1.7.3 Importance of extracellular polysaccharides第30-33页
    1.8 The regulation mechanism of the biofilm formation of Salmonella第33-38页
        1.8.1 CsgD Regulates Salmonella Biofilm Formation第33-34页
        1.8.2 The interaction. between CsgD and other regulators in Biofilm Formation第34-36页
        1.8.3 Alternative sigma factor rpoS第36-38页
    1.9 Infection diseases caused by biofilm formation第38-45页
        1.9.1 Pathogenic Mechanisms第39-41页
        1.9.2 Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents第41-42页
        1.9.3 Virulence or resistance for biofilm第42-45页
    1.10 Biofilm Formation by Salmonella spp第45-46页
        1.10.1 Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum)第45-46页
        1.10.2 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium)第46页
    1.11 The detection methods for biofilm第46-49页
        1.11.1 Quantification of biofilm formation第46-47页
        1.11.2 Biofilm formation in glass tube第47页
        1.11.3 Congo red/Carbol fuchsine staining第47-48页
        1.11.4 Field emission scanning electron microscopy第48页
        1.11.5 Congo red and calcofluor plates第48-49页
        1.11.6 Confocal laser microscopy第49页
    1.12 The prevention and control of bacterial biofilm第49-51页
        1.12.1 Research and development of new drugs第49-50页
        1.12.2 New Methodologies for Biofilm Control第50-51页
            1.12.2.1 Biofilm control with enzymes第50页
            1.12.2.2 Biofilm control with phages第50-51页
            1.12.2.3 Biofilm control by means of interspecies interactions bioregulation第51页
    1.13 Significance and specific aims第51-52页
    REFERENCES第52-67页
CHAPTER TWO CONTRIBUTION OF THE CSGA AND BCSA GENES TO SALMONELLA ENTERICASEROVAR PULLORUM BIOFILM FORMATION AND VIRULENCE第67-111页
    2.1 INTRODUCTION第67页
    2.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS第67-84页
        2.2.1 Strains and plasmids第67-68页
        2.2.2 The main reagent第68页
        2.2.3 The main consumables and instruments第68页
        2.2.4 Growth condition characteristics第68-69页
        2.2.5 Determination of growth curves第69-70页
        2.2.6 The PCR amplification of target fragments and PCR conditions第70-71页
        2.2.7 Sequencing of target genes第71页
        2.2.8 Ligation and Transformation into DH5a第71页
        2.2.9 Construction recombinant expression vector第71-72页
        2.2.10 Preparation of the competent cells for transformation第72-73页
        2.2.11 Detection of csgA and bcsA genes by Real-Time fluorescent quantitativePCR第73-76页
        2.2.12 Construction of knockout mutants第76-79页
            2.2.12.1 Transformation by Electroporation第77页
            2.2.12.2 Deletion of csgA and bcsA genes.第77-79页
        2.2.13 Biofilm assays第79-80页
        2.2.14 Detection of curli production第80页
        2.2.15 Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM)第80页
        2.2.16 Protein profiles第80-81页
        2.2.17 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles第81页
        2.2.18 Cell culture assay第81-83页
        2.2.19 Determination of LD_(50) in chickens第83-84页
        2.2.20 Distribution and Colonization of bacteria in organs第84页
        2.2.21 Statistical analysis第84页
    2.3 RESULTS第84-104页
        2.3.1 Characterization of bcsA and csgA mutants第84-86页
        2.3.2 Biofilm formation assays第86-89页
        2.3.3 Morphologic observations in biofilm formation第89-90页
        2.3.4 Identification of biofilm components第90-92页
        2.3.5 Detection of expression of the csgA and bcsA genes第92-95页
        2.3.6 Protein patterns and LPS profiles第95-97页
        2.3.7 Cell culture assays第97-100页
        2.3.8 Virulence assays in chickens第100-104页
    2.4 DISCUSSION第104-107页
    REFERENCES第107-111页
CHAPTER THREE THE ROLE OF CSGA AND BCSA GENES ON BIOFILM FORMATION ANDVIRULENCE IN SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM第111-138页
    3.1 INTRODUCTION第111-112页
    3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第112-119页
        3.2.1 Strains, plasmids, and growth conditions第112-115页
        3.2.2 Biofilm assays第115-116页
        3.2.3 Detection of expression of the csgA and bcsA genes by RT-PCR第116页
        3.2.4 Detection of curli protein第116-117页
        3.2.5 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles第117页
        3.2.6 Adhesion and invasion assay第117页
        3.2.7 Determination of LD_(50) in chickens第117-118页
        3.2.8 Distribution and Colonization of bacteria in organs第118页
        3.2.9 Statistical analysis第118-119页
    3.3 RESULTS第119-132页
        3.3.1 Characterization of csgA and bcsA mutants of S. Typhimurium第119-121页
        3.3.2 Biofilm formation第121-123页
        3.3.3 Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM)第123-124页
        3.3.4 Identification of biofilm components of S. Typhimurium mutants第124-125页
        3.3.5 qTR-PCR analysis第125-126页
        3.3.6 Protein patterns and LPS profiles of S. Typhimurium mutants第126-128页
        3.3.7 Adhesion, invasion and proliferation of S. Typhimurium mutants第128-129页
        3.3.8 Virulence assays in chickens after oral challenge by S. Typhimurium mutants第129-131页
        3.3.9 Distribution of S. Typhimurium strains in liver and spleen第131-132页
    3.4 DISCUSSION第132-134页
    REFERENCES第134-138页
CHAPTER FOUR IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AN RPOS DEPENDENT SALMONELLAENTERICA SEROVAR PULLORUM STRAIN IN BIOFILM FORMATION第138-170页
    4.1 INTRODUCTION第138-140页
    4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第140-148页
        4.2.1 Strains, plasmids, and growth conditions第140页
        4.2.2 Construction of rpoS; csgA and bcsA genes knockout mutants第140-143页
        4.2.3 Biofilm formation assays第143-144页
        4.2.4 Catalase tests第144页
        4.2.5 Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM)第144页
        4.2.6 Detection of expression of the csgA;bcsA and rpoS genes by RT-PCR第144-145页
        4.2.7 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophores(SDS-PAGE)第145页
        4.2.8 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles第145页
        4.2.9 Adhesion and invasion assay第145-146页
        4.2.10 Pathogenicity to chickens第146页
        4.2.11 colonization of bacteria in organs experiments第146-147页
        4.2.12 Statistical analysis第147-148页
    4.3 RESULTS第148-161页
        4.3.1. Construction and identification of rpoS; csgA and bcsA mutants第148-149页
        4.3.2 Catalase activity test第149-150页
        4.3.3 Biofilm formation第150-152页
        4.3.4 Determination of biofilm components第152-153页
        4.3.5 qTR-PCR analysis第153-155页
        4.3.6 Curli protein profiles and LPS patterns第155-156页
        4.3.7 Cell culture experiments第156-158页
        4.3.8 Pathogenicity assays in chickens第158-160页
        4.3.9 Colonization experiments第160-161页
    4.4 DISCUSSION第161-165页
    REFERENCES第165-170页
CONCLUSIONS第170-171页
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS第171-172页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第172-174页

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