| 摘要 | 第5-10页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第10-15页 |
| Symbols and Abbreviations | 第22-23页 |
| Chapter 1:Literature Review | 第23-43页 |
| 1.1 The liver | 第23-25页 |
| 1.2 Cellular components of the liver | 第25-33页 |
| 1.2.1 Resident and infiltrating macrophages | 第26-29页 |
| 1.2.1.1 Heterogeneity of macrophages | 第26-27页 |
| 1.2.1.2 Macrophages and chronic liver disease | 第27-28页 |
| 1.2.1.3 Macrophages and liver fibrosis | 第28-29页 |
| 1.2.1.4 Macrophages and HCC | 第29页 |
| 1.2.2 NK cells | 第29-31页 |
| 1.2.3 NKT cells | 第31-33页 |
| 1.3 Co-inhibitory receptors | 第33-38页 |
| 1.3.1 CD200-CD200R axis | 第36-38页 |
| 1.4 Scavenger receptors | 第38-43页 |
| 1.4.1 MARCO | 第40-43页 |
| Chapter 2:Materials and Methods | 第43-59页 |
| 2.1 Materials | 第43-46页 |
| 2.1.1 Patients and specimens | 第43页 |
| 2.1.2 Cell lines and cell culturing reagents | 第43页 |
| 2.1.3 Reverse transcription and real-time PCR | 第43-44页 |
| 2.1.4 FACS | 第44-45页 |
| 2.1.5 PBMC isolation | 第45页 |
| 2.1.6 Immunohistochemical staining | 第45-46页 |
| 2.1.7 Immunofloresence | 第46页 |
| 2.2 Equipments | 第46-47页 |
| 2.3 Methods | 第47-59页 |
| 2.3.1 Cell culturing | 第47-50页 |
| 2.3.1.1 Reagents preparation | 第47-48页 |
| 2.3.1.2 Cell recovering | 第48页 |
| 2.3.1.3 Cell sub-culturing | 第48-50页 |
| 2.3.1.4 Cell freezing | 第50页 |
| 2.3.1.5 Cell numbering | 第50页 |
| 2.3.2 Reverse transcription and real-time PCR | 第50-52页 |
| 2.3.2.1 Total RNA extraction | 第50-51页 |
| 2.3.2.2 Reverse transcription | 第51-52页 |
| 2.3.2.3 Real-time PCR | 第52页 |
| 2.3.3 PBMC isolation | 第52-53页 |
| 2.3.3.1 Reagents preparation | 第52-53页 |
| 2.3.3.2 PBMC isolation | 第53页 |
| 2.3.4 FACS | 第53-55页 |
| 2.3.4.1 Reagents preparation | 第53-54页 |
| 2.3.4.2 Staining cell surface antigens | 第54页 |
| 2.3.4.3 Staining intracellular antigens | 第54-55页 |
| 2.3.5 Immunohistochemical staining | 第55-57页 |
| 2.3.5.1 Reagents preparation | 第55页 |
| 2.3.5.2 Deparaffinization and rehydration | 第55页 |
| 2.3.5.3 Epitope retrival | 第55-56页 |
| 2.3.5.4 Immunohistochemical staining | 第56-57页 |
| 2.3.5.5 Signal detection,counterstain,dehydration,clearing,and mounting | 第57页 |
| 2.3.6 Immunofloresence | 第57-58页 |
| 2.3.7 Softwares and Statistical analysis | 第58-59页 |
| 2.3.7.1 Evaluation of IOD/area | 第58页 |
| 2.3.7.2 Statistical analysis | 第58-59页 |
| Chapter 3:CD200R predicts the prognosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma | 第59-77页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第59-61页 |
| 3.1.1 Liver and HCC | 第59页 |
| 3.1.2 Immune responses and immune tolerance | 第59页 |
| 3.1.3 Immune escape and immunotherapy | 第59-60页 |
| 3.1.4 CD200 and CD200 receptor | 第60-61页 |
| 3.2 Results | 第61-71页 |
| 3.2.1 CD200R and CD200 were positively correlated in peritumoural stroma and intratumoural regions | 第61-63页 |
| 3.2.2 CD200R and CD200 were mainly expressed in the peritumoural stroma of HCC tissues | 第63-65页 |
| 3.2.3 CD200R expression accumulated along tumor progression | 第65-67页 |
| 3.2.4 CD200R was predominantly expressed by infiltrating macrophages and positively associated with liver injury | 第67-70页 |
| 3.2.5 Density of CD200R in peritumoural stroma predicted elevated recurrence and reduced survival in HCC patients | 第70-71页 |
| 3.3 Discussion and Conclusions | 第71-77页 |
| 3.3.1 CD200R and autoimmune diseases | 第71-72页 |
| 3.3.2 CD200R and various carcinoma | 第72-73页 |
| 3.3.3 CD200R and HCC | 第73-74页 |
| 3.3.4 CD200R and HCC immunotherapy | 第74-75页 |
| 3.3.5 Conclusions and prospection | 第75-77页 |
| Chapter 4:Decreased expression of MARCO is associated with the progressionand prognosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma | 第77-93页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第77-79页 |
| 4.1.1 Anti-inflammatory roles of MARCO | 第77-78页 |
| 4.1.2 Pro-inflammatory roles of MARCO | 第78页 |
| 4.1.3 MARCO and HCC | 第78-79页 |
| 4.2 Results | 第79-87页 |
| 4.2.1 MARCO expression was down-regulated in the intratumoral tissues of HCC | 第79-81页 |
| 4.2.2 Expression of MARCO declined with disease and tumour progression | 第81-84页 |
| 4.2.3 MARCO~+ cells co-localized with CD68~+ cells under immunofluorescence | 第84-85页 |
| 4.2.4 Density of MARCO in the intratumoural tissues predicted increased survival in HCC patients | 第85-87页 |
| 4.3 Discussion and Conclusions | 第87-93页 |
| 4.3.1 The liver and liver-resident macrophages | 第87页 |
| 4.3.2 Scavenger receptors and the regulation of tumors | 第87-88页 |
| 4.3.3 MARCO and HCC | 第88-90页 |
| 4.3.4 Conclusions and prospection | 第90-93页 |
| References | 第93-105页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第105-107页 |
| Publications and Awards | 第107-108页 |
