| 摘要 | 第8-11页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第11-14页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第15-17页 |
| 1. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION | 第17-46页 |
| 1.1. Biological pest management | 第17页 |
| 1.2. Biological control development approaches | 第17-19页 |
| 1.2.1. Classical biological control | 第17-18页 |
| 1.2.2. Augmentative biological control | 第18页 |
| 1.2.3. Integrated pest management (IPM) | 第18-19页 |
| 1.3. Contribution and development of pesticides | 第19-26页 |
| 1.3.1. Chlorantraniliprole | 第22-24页 |
| 1.3.2. Sulfoxaflor | 第24-26页 |
| 1.4. Insecticide adverse effects on non-target arthropods | 第26-28页 |
| 1.5. Risk assessment advancement of chlorantraniliprole and sulfoxaflor | 第28-29页 |
| 1.6. Importance of coccinellid predator H. axyridis | 第29-32页 |
| 1.7. Insecticide risk assessment approaches | 第32-45页 |
| 1.7.1. Acute toxicity assessment | 第32-34页 |
| 1.7.2. Chronic insecticide toxicity assessment | 第34-36页 |
| 1.7.3. Biochemical induction assessment | 第36-43页 |
| 1.7.4. Transcriptome-based toxicity assessment | 第43-45页 |
| 1.8. Objectives of this research | 第45-46页 |
| 2. CHAPTER II MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第46-55页 |
| 2.1. Insect culture development | 第46页 |
| 2.2. Insecticide and acute toxicity bioassays | 第46-47页 |
| 2.3. Sublethal toxicity bioassays | 第47-48页 |
| 2.4. Sublethal toxicity on body weight of H. axyridis | 第48页 |
| 2.5. Biochemical induction bioassays | 第48-49页 |
| 2.5.1. Exposure to sulfoxaflor | 第48页 |
| 2.5.2. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity | 第48页 |
| 2.5.3. Cytochrome P450 activity | 第48-49页 |
| 2.5.4. Carboxylesterases (Car Es) activity | 第49页 |
| 2.6. Transcriptome-based analysis under sulfoxaflor stress | 第49-53页 |
| 2.6.1. Exposure to sulfoxaflor | 第49-50页 |
| 2.6.2. RNA extraction, quantification, and qualification | 第50页 |
| 2.6.3. Library preparation for Transcriptome sequencing | 第50页 |
| 2.6.4. Transcriptomic data Analysis | 第50-51页 |
| 2.6.5. Differential expression of genes analysis | 第51-52页 |
| 2.6.6. Validation of transcriptome analysis by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (q RT-PCR) | 第52-53页 |
| 2.7. Statistical analysis | 第53-55页 |
| 3. CHAPTER III RESULTS | 第55-90页 |
| 3.1. Short-term effects of insecticides on H. axyridis | 第55-56页 |
| 3.1.1. Acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole on H. axyridis | 第55页 |
| 3.1.2. Acute toxicity of sulfoxaflor on H. axyridis | 第55-56页 |
| 3.2. Sublethal effects of insecticides on H. axyridis | 第56-72页 |
| 3.2.1. Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on H. axyridis | 第56-63页 |
| 3.2.2. Sublethal effects of sulfoxaflor on H. axyridis | 第63-64页 |
| 3.2.3. Sublethal effects on pre-adult and adult body weight | 第64-65页 |
| 3.2.4. Sublethal effects of sulfoxaflor on population growth parameters | 第65页 |
| 3.2.5. Sublethal effects on survival rate, fecundity, reproduction value and life expectancy | 第65-71页 |
| 3.2.6. Effects of sulfoxaflor on detoxification enzymes activities | 第71-72页 |
| 3.3. Identification of genes involved in the detoxification process of sulfoxaflor in H. axyridis | 第72-90页 |
| 3.3.1. Determination of sulfoxaflor sublethal concentration | 第72-73页 |
| 3.3.2. Illumina sequencing and transcriptome analysis | 第73-79页 |
| 3.3.3. Differentially genes expression under sulfoxaflor stress | 第79-89页 |
| 3.3.4. Validation of unigenes using q RT-PCR | 第89-90页 |
| 4. CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION | 第90-101页 |
| 4.1. Short term insecticides toxicity | 第90-91页 |
| 4.1.1. Acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to H. axyridis | 第90页 |
| 4.1.2. Acute toxicity of sulfoxaflor to H. axyridis | 第90-91页 |
| 4.2. Long-term effects of insecticides on H. axyridis | 第91-96页 |
| 4.2.1. Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on H. axyridis | 第91-93页 |
| 4.2.2. Sublethal effects of sulfoxaflor on life table parameters H. axyridis | 第93-95页 |
| 4.2.3. Sulfoxaflor effects on body weight of H. axyridis | 第95页 |
| 4.2.4. Effect of sulfoxaflor on detoxification-related enzymes | 第95-96页 |
| 4.3. Identification of sulfoxaflor detoxification-related genes | 第96-101页 |
| 5. CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES | 第101-103页 |
| REFERENCES | 第103-130页 |
| PUBLICATIONS | 第130-131页 |
| APPENDICES | 第131-138页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第138-140页 |
