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可再生能源发电及其控制策略的研究

摘要第9-11页
ABSTRACT第11-13页
TABLE OF CONTENTS第14-18页
LIST OF TABLES第18-20页
LIST OF FIGURES第20-23页
1. Introduction第23-34页
    1.1 Geographic Profile of Pakistan第24-25页
    1.2 Current energy situation of Pakistan第25-27页
    1.3 Motivation第27-31页
    1.4 Objectives第31-32页
    1.5 Overview of thesis第32-34页
2. Literature Review第34-52页
    2.1 Solar energy第37-40页
    2.2 Biomass / Biogas / Waste to energy第40-41页
    2.3 Wind energy第41-46页
    2.4 Renewable Energy Resources in Pakistan第46-52页
        2.4.1 Hydro Energy第46-47页
        2.4.2 Solar Energy第47-48页
        2.4.3 Geothermal第48-49页
        2.4.4 Biomass Energy/Biogas Energy/Waste to Energy第49-50页
        2.4.5 Wind Energy第50-52页
3. Wind energy potential and analysis of power generation from wind第52-92页
    3.1 Summary第52-53页
    3.2 Introduction第53-58页
    3.3 Wind energy status of the world第58-60页
    3.4 Wind data analysis and assessments第60-65页
        3.4.1 Extrapolation of wind speed at different heights第60页
        3.4.2 Statistical distribution for wind data第60-62页
        3.4.3 Wind data parameter estimation第62-63页
        3.4.4 Wind power density calculation第63-65页
    3.5 Wind energy and power generation potential at Gharo第65-80页
        3.5.1 Analysis of average wind speeds第65-68页
        3.5.2 Wind speed distributions analysis第68-72页
        3.5.3 Wind power and energy density第72-77页
        3.5.4 Analysis of seasonal variations第77-80页
    3.6 Wind energy and power generation potential at Babaurband第80-87页
        3.6.1 Site Description第80页
        3.6.2 Average wind speed analysis第80-83页
        3.6.3 Weibull and Rayleigh distribution of wind speed第83页
        3.6.4 Wind power and energy densities第83页
        3.6.5 Seasonal variations of wind speed, wind power and energy densities第83-87页
    3.7 Wind energy and power generation potential at Hawksbay Karachi第87-92页
        3.7.1 Average wind speed第87页
        3.7.2 Wind power density第87-92页
4. Comparison and Analysis of Weibull Scale and Shape parameter estimation methods第92-121页
    4.1 Summary第92-93页
    4.2 Introduction第93-95页
    4.3 Statistical distribution第95-96页
        4.3.1 Weibull distribution第96页
    4.4 Methods for determining the Weibull scale and shape parameters第96-102页
        4.4.1 Maximum likelihood method (MLM)第97页
        4.4.2 Empirical method (EM)第97-98页
        4.4.3 Graphical method (GM)第98-99页
        4.4.4 Modified maximum likelihood method (MMLM)第99页
        4.4.5 Energy pattern factor method (EPFM)第99-100页
        4.4.6 Moment method (MM)第100-101页
        4.4.7 Rayleigh method第101-102页
    4.5 Prediction performance of Weibull distribution model第102-103页
    4.6 Comparison of WSSCMs for Gharo第103-113页
    4.7 Comparison of WSSCMs for Babaurband第113-117页
    4.8 Comparison of WSSCMs for Hawksbay第117-121页
5. Power generation from wind turbines and economic analysis of wind energy resources第121-135页
    5.1 Summary第121页
    5.2 Energy production at Gharo第121-128页
        5.2.1 Annual Energy production through wind turbines第121-123页
        5.2.2 Direction of Wind at Gharo site第123-126页
        5.2.3 Cost analysis for Gharo第126-128页
    5.3 Energy production at Babaurband第128-132页
        5.3.1 Wind Direction at Babaurband site第129页
        5.3.2 Economic evaluation for Babaurband第129-132页
    5.4 Energy production at Hawksbay site第132-135页
        5.4.1 Annual Energy production第132-133页
        5.4.2 Cost analysis for Hawksbay site第133-135页
6. Evaluation of Solar energy resources by establishing empirical models for diffuse solar radiation on tilted surface and analysis for optimum tilt angle第135-160页
    6.1 Summary第135-136页
    6.2 Introduction第136-141页
    6.3 Methodology第141-148页
        6.3.1 Estimation of diffuse solar radiation on horizontal surface第141-145页
        6.3.2 Statistical performance evaluation第145-147页
        6.3.3 Total radiation on tilted surfaces第147-148页
    6.4 Results and discussion第148-160页
        6.4.1 Diffuse solar radiation models第149页
        6.4.2 Optimum tilt angle第149-153页
        6.4.3 Total, beam and diffuse solar radiation on optimally titled surface第153-156页
        6.4.4 Comparison of total, diffuse, beam radiation mounted on vertical surface第156-157页
        6.4.5 Estimation of total energy as a function of tilt angle第157-160页
7. Conclusion第160-162页
Future recommendations第162-164页
References第164-184页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第184-185页
List of Publications第185-186页

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