| 摘要 | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-7页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅰ Review on lactic acid manufacture and applications | 第12-51页 |
| 1.1 Lactic acid | 第14-17页 |
| 1.2 Microorganisms for lactic acid production | 第17-22页 |
| 1.2.1 Background of lactic acid producing bacteria | 第17页 |
| 1.2.2 Classification at genus level | 第17-20页 |
| 1.2.3 Pediococcus spp | 第20-22页 |
| 1.3 Lactic acid fermentation by the fungus,yeast | 第22-24页 |
| 1.4 Biomass material for lactic acid production | 第24-29页 |
| 1.4.1 Carbon sources for lactic fermentation | 第24-25页 |
| 1.4.2 Composition of lignocellulosic biomass | 第25-28页 |
| 1.4.3 Inulin source for lactic acid production | 第28-29页 |
| 1.5 Processes for lactic acid fermentation | 第29-32页 |
| 1.5.1 Lactic acid production by lactic acid bacteria from lignocellulosic biomass | 第29-31页 |
| 1.5.2 Pretreatment methods and steam explosion pretreatment | 第31-32页 |
| 1.6 Role of enzyme in lactic acid fermentation | 第32-36页 |
| 1.6.1 Enzymatic hydrolysis | 第32页 |
| 1.6.2 Hydrolysis of cellulosic materials by cellulases | 第32-33页 |
| 1.6.3 Non-complexed and Complexed cellulase systems | 第33页 |
| 1.6.4 Enzymatic hydrolysis of innulin | 第33-34页 |
| 1.6.5 Biomass comminution and enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose component | 第34-36页 |
| 1.7 Milling energy and cost evaluation | 第36-37页 |
| 1.8 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for lactic acid | 第37-39页 |
| 1.9 Environmental factors affecting lactic acid fermentation | 第39-43页 |
| 1.9.1 Fermentation conditions | 第39页 |
| 1.9.2 Effect of inorganic cations on fermnentation | 第39页 |
| 1.9.3 Effect of neutralizing agents on fermentation | 第39-40页 |
| 1.9.4 Physical factors | 第40-42页 |
| 1.9.5 Nutritional requirements of lactic acid bacteria | 第42-43页 |
| 1.9.6 Inhibition on lactic acid fermentation | 第43页 |
| 1.10 Applications of lactic acid | 第43-47页 |
| 1.10.1 Food industry | 第43-44页 |
| 1.10.2 Cosmetic industry | 第44-45页 |
| 1.10.3 Detergents,Chemical,pharmaceutical industry and medical field | 第45-46页 |
| 1.10.4 Poly-lactic acid industry and others application | 第46-47页 |
| 1.11 The past,current and future industrial production of lactic acid and values | 第47-51页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅱ Isolation and characterization of lactic acid producing strain P.acidilactici DQ2 | 第51-68页 |
| Abstract | 第51页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第51-52页 |
| 2.2 Materials and Methods | 第52-55页 |
| 2.2.1 Isolation of lactic acid bacteria | 第52-53页 |
| 2.2.2 DNA extraction | 第53页 |
| 2.2.3 PCR amplification of 16S rDNA gene | 第53页 |
| 2.2.4 Agarose gel electrophoresis and Purification of PCR product | 第53-54页 |
| 2.2.5 DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA fragment | 第54页 |
| 2.2.6 Determination of phylogenetic relationships | 第54页 |
| 2.2.7 Cell morphology and Gram stain | 第54页 |
| 2.2.8 Optimal temperature for microbial growth development | 第54页 |
| 2.2.9 Effect of nutrient concentration on the growth and lactic acid concentration | 第54页 |
| 2.2.10 Effect of inhibitors on lactic acid production by P. acidilactici DQ2 | 第54-55页 |
| 2.2.11 Analytical methods | 第55页 |
| 2.3 Results and discussion | 第55-67页 |
| 2.3.1 Isolation and characterization of Pediococcus acidilactici DQ2 | 第55-58页 |
| 2.3.2 Optimal P. acidilactici DQ2 growth temperatures | 第58-59页 |
| 2.3.3 Effect of sodium acetate concentrations on yield of lactic acid | 第59-60页 |
| 2.3.4 Utilization of glucose,fructose,and xylose by the strain DQ2 and its lactic acid production | 第60-63页 |
| 2.3.5 Effect of initial single inhibitors on lactic acid productivity | 第63-67页 |
| 2.4 Conclusions | 第67-68页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅲ Simultaneous saccharification and lactic acid fermentation of Jerusalem artichoketubers(Jat)using commercial glucoamylase as inulinase enzyme | 第68-81页 |
| Abstract | 第68页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第68-69页 |
| 3.2 Materials and Methods | 第69-71页 |
| 3.2.1 Enzyme and strain | 第69-70页 |
| 3.2.2 Raw materials and chemicals | 第70页 |
| 3.2.3 Inulinase assay | 第70-71页 |
| 3.2.4 Purification of glucoamylase proteins | 第71页 |
| 3.2.5 SSF Bioreactor and its operation | 第71页 |
| 3.2.6 Data calculations | 第71页 |
| 3.2.7 Analytical methods | 第71页 |
| 3.3 Results and Discussion | 第71-80页 |
| 3.3.1 Characterization of inulin hydrolyzing cnzyme(s)in commercially available glucoamylases | 第71-76页 |
| 3.3.2 Saccharification of Jat by glucoamylase GA-L New and subsequent lactic acid fermentation | 第76-79页 |
| 3.3.3 SSF at high solids loading of Jat for production of high titer lactic acid | 第79-80页 |
| 3.4 Conclusions | 第80-81页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅳ Disk milling of pretreated corn stover and consequent simultaneous saccharification andlactic acid fermentation | 第81-96页 |
| Abstract | 第81页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第81-83页 |
| 4.2 Materials and methods | 第83-87页 |
| 4.2.1 Biomass material,enzyme,and chemicals | 第83页 |
| 4.2.2 Medium and strains | 第83页 |
| 4.2.3 Double disc grinder and operating variables | 第83-84页 |
| 4.2.4 Steam explosion pretreatment and bio-detoxification of corn stover procedure | 第84-85页 |
| 4.2.5 Bio-detoxification of corn stover by Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 | 第85-86页 |
| 4.2.6 Simultaneous saccharification and lactic acid fermentation of corn stover milling | 第86页 |
| 4.2.7 Caculation of lactic acid yield | 第86-87页 |
| 4.2.8 Analysis of sugars,lactic acid,and inhibitors | 第87页 |
| 4.3 Results and discussion | 第87-95页 |
| 4.3.1 Effect of different cellulase concentrations on lactic acid production | 第87-90页 |
| 4.3.2 Effect of different solids loading on the SSF of the Bio-Pretreated Corn Stover | 第90-92页 |
| 4.3.4 High solids loading for lactic acid production with various bio-detoxification days | 第92-95页 |
| 4.4 Conclusions | 第95-96页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅴ General conclusions and Prospects | 第96-98页 |
| Conclusions | 第96-97页 |
| Prospects | 第97-98页 |
| References | 第98-115页 |
| LIST OF PUBLICATIONS | 第115-116页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEGMENS | 第116页 |
