| 摘要 | 第3-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-7页 |
| Chapter 1 Review | 第10-22页 |
| 1.1 Amphibian metamorphosis | 第10-14页 |
| 1.1.1 The overview of amphibian metamorphosis | 第10-11页 |
| 1.1.2 Major changes in anuran body during metamorphosis | 第11-12页 |
| 1.1.3 Remodeling of intestine in amphibian through metamorphosis | 第12页 |
| 1.1.4 Remodeling of skeleton in amphibian through metamorphosis | 第12-14页 |
| 1.2 16S rDNA sequencing for bacterial identification in amphibian | 第14-17页 |
| 1.2.1 Amphibian gut microbiota | 第14-15页 |
| 1.2.2 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing technology | 第15-17页 |
| 1.2.3 Application of 16S rDNA sequences in microbial ecology | 第17页 |
| 1.3 Transcriptome sequencing analysis of the endochondral ossification mechanismsof amphibian | 第17-22页 |
| 1.3.1 Endochondral ossification | 第17-18页 |
| 1.3.2 Transcriptome sequencing | 第18-19页 |
| 1.3.3 Application of transcriptome sequencing analysis in endocho -ndralossification mechanisms of amphibian | 第19-22页 |
| Chapter 2 Changes in intestinal microbiota of Bufo gargarizans duringmetamorphosis | 第22-44页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第22-23页 |
| 2.2 Materials and methods | 第23-27页 |
| 2.2.1 Study animal and sample collection | 第24页 |
| 2.2.2 Morphological observations and measurements | 第24-25页 |
| 2.2.3 DNA-extraction and PCR amplification | 第25-26页 |
| 2.2.4 Illumina MiSeq sequencing | 第26页 |
| 2.2.5 Processing of sequencing data | 第26页 |
| 2.2.6 Statistical analyses | 第26-27页 |
| 2.3 Results | 第27-38页 |
| 2.3.1 Tadpole and its intestine morphology | 第27-28页 |
| 2.3.2 Morphological measurement | 第28-29页 |
| 2.3.3 Taxonomic diversity | 第29-32页 |
| 2.3.4 OTUs distribution across different developmental stages | 第32-33页 |
| 2.3.5 Composition of the intestinal microbiota at various taxonomic levels | 第33-35页 |
| 2.3.6 Comparison of dominant bacterial communities between aquatic andterrestrial stages | 第35-36页 |
| 2.3.7 Effects of morphological changes on intestinal microbiota | 第36-38页 |
| 2.4 Discussion | 第38-44页 |
| Chapter 3 Transcriptome analyses reveal molecular mechanisms mediatingendochondral ossification in Bufo gargarizans through metamorphosis | 第44-68页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第44-45页 |
| 3.2 Methods | 第45-49页 |
| 3.2.1 Specimen collection | 第45-46页 |
| 3.2.2 Skeletal development | 第46页 |
| 3.2.3 RNA extraction and cDNA library construction | 第46-47页 |
| 3.2.4 Transcriptome sequencing, de novo assembly and functional annotation | 第47页 |
| 3.2.5 Differential gene expression analysis | 第47-48页 |
| 3.2.6 Real-time quantitative PCR | 第48-49页 |
| 3.3 Results | 第49-60页 |
| 3.3.1 Morphological data | 第49-51页 |
| 3.3.2 Transcriptome assembly and annotation | 第51-52页 |
| 3.3.3 Differential expressed genes in B.gargarizans during metamor phosis | 第52-55页 |
| 3.3.4 Functional annotation of differentially expressed unigene set | 第55-57页 |
| 3.3.5 The expression profiles of genes related to the initiation of skeletaldevelopment | 第57-58页 |
| 3.3.6 Real-time quantitative PCR | 第58-60页 |
| 3.4 Discussion | 第60-68页 |
| Chapter 4 Conclusion | 第68-70页 |
| References | 第70-90页 |
| 致谢 | 第90页 |
