| Abstract | 第7-9页 |
| 摘要 | 第10-12页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第12-18页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ: Introduction and literature review | 第18-44页 |
| 1.1 Background | 第18-25页 |
| 1.1.1 Problem statement and significance | 第18-21页 |
| 1.1.2 Beneficial effects of biochar in soil | 第21-25页 |
| 1.2 Biochar and colloid transport | 第25-42页 |
| 1.2.1 Colloidal particles in the subsurface environment | 第25-26页 |
| 1.2.2 Contaminants association with colloids | 第26-28页 |
| 1.2.3 Colloid attachment and transport: DLVO Theory | 第28-32页 |
| 1.2.4 Colloid attachment and detachment mechanism in porous media | 第32-34页 |
| 1.2.5 Transport of contaminants in porous media | 第34-35页 |
| 1.2.6 Colloid-facilitated contaminant transport | 第35-39页 |
| 1.2.7 Effects of biochar on the transport & remediation of contaminants in soil and water | 第39-42页 |
| 1.3 Objectives of the present research | 第42-43页 |
| 1.3.1 Specific objectives | 第42-43页 |
| 1.4 Why is this a novel research work? | 第43-44页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ: Influence of biochar on deposition and release of clay colloids in saturated porous media | 第44-70页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第44-46页 |
| 2.2 Materials and Methods | 第46-53页 |
| 2.2.1 Clay colloids and porous media | 第46-47页 |
| 2.2.2 Colloid transport experiments | 第47-48页 |
| 2.2.3 Calculation of DLVO interaction energies | 第48-51页 |
| 2.2.3.1 Calculation of DLVO interaction energies between a plate-like colloid and a planar surface | 第49-50页 |
| 2.2.3.2 Calculation of DLVO interaction forces between a spherical colloid and two intercepting halfplanes | 第50-51页 |
| 2.2.3.3 Calculation of DLVO interaction energies between a spherical colloid and a halftube | 第51页 |
| 2.2.4 Colloid transport model | 第51-52页 |
| 2.2.5 Determination of experimental attachment efficiency | 第52-53页 |
| 2.3 Results and discussion | 第53-69页 |
| 2.3.1 Characteristics of clay colloids, sand, and biochar | 第53-54页 |
| 2.3.2 Deposition of clay colloids in porous media | 第54-65页 |
| 2.3.3 Release of clay colloids in porous media | 第65-68页 |
| 2.3.4 Implication | 第68-69页 |
| 2.4 Conclusion | 第69-70页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ: Adsorption and desorption of quantum dot nanoparticles in saturated porous media | 第70-95页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第70-72页 |
| 3.2 Materials and Methods | 第72-80页 |
| 3.2.1 Quantum dot nanoparticles | 第72-73页 |
| 3.2.2 Porous media | 第73-74页 |
| 3.2.3 Batch experiments | 第74-75页 |
| 3.2.3.1 Kinetic adsorption experiments | 第74-75页 |
| 3.2.3.2 Equilibrium adsorption experiments | 第75页 |
| 3.2.4 Theory for adsorption equilibrium and kinetics | 第75-80页 |
| 3.2.4.1 The adsorption equilibrium | 第75-78页 |
| 3.2.4.1.1 The Langmuir isotherm | 第76页 |
| 3.2.4.1.2 The Freundlich isotherm | 第76页 |
| 3.2.4.1.3 The Temkin isotherm | 第76-78页 |
| 3.2.4.2 The adsorption kinetics | 第78-79页 |
| 3.2.4.2.1 The Pseudo-first-order kinetic model | 第78页 |
| 3.2.4.2.2 The Pseudo-second-order kinetic model | 第78-79页 |
| 3.2.4.2.3 The Elovich model | 第79页 |
| 3.2.4.3 DLVO interaction energies calculation | 第79-80页 |
| 3.3 Results and Discussion | 第80-94页 |
| 3.3.1 Characterizations of quantum dot nanoparticles and silicon quartz sand | 第80-81页 |
| 3.3.2 Batch adsorption experiments | 第81-94页 |
| 3.3.2.1 Kinetic batch adsorption modelling | 第81-87页 |
| 3.3.2.2 Equilibrium batch adsorption modelling | 第87-91页 |
| 3.3.2.3 DLVO interaction energies | 第91-94页 |
| 3.4 Conclusion | 第94-95页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ: Conclusion and future directions | 第95-99页 |
| 4.1 General conclusion | 第95-97页 |
| 4.2 Significance of this study | 第97页 |
| 4.3 Future directions | 第97-99页 |
| References | 第99-125页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第125-126页 |
| 作者简介 | 第126-128页 |
