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烟酰胺核苷酸转氢酶基因在葡萄糖和能量代谢中的作用研究

摘要第8-10页
ABSTRACT第10-11页
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS第12-14页
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION第14-19页
    1.1 Problem Statement第14-17页
        1.1.1 Nnt role in glucose metabolism第14-15页
        1.1.2 Glucose metabolism and growth第15-16页
        1.1.3 Energy metabolism and feed efficiency第16页
        1.1.4 Nnt gene and human disease第16页
        1.1.5 micro RNA 221 and 222 target 3`UTR第16-17页
    1.2 Justification of the Study第17-18页
    1.3 Objective of the Study第18-19页
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW第19-43页
    2.1 Mitochondria and energy第19-22页
        2.1.1 Mitochondria structure and function第19-20页
        2.1.2 Mitochondrial NADPH and energy第20-22页
    2.2 Mitochondrial NADPH and Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase (NNT)第22页
    2.3 Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)第22-23页
    2.4 Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase and Energy metabolism第23页
    2.5 Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose第23-25页
    2.6 Nnt gene and Disease第25-29页
        2.6.1 Mouse as a model animal for biology第25-26页
        2.6.2 The deletion mutaion of Nnt gene in C57BL/6J mice第26-27页
        2.6.3 Nnt gene and Obesity第27-28页
        2.6.4 Nnt gene and diabetes第28-29页
    2.7 Glucose metabolism and animal feed efficiency第29-34页
        2.7.1 Glucose transporters (GLUTs) and feed efficiency第31-33页
        2.7.2 Insulin growth factors and feed efficiency第33-34页
        2.7.3 Uncoupling proteins and feed efficiency第34页
    2.8 micro RNAs in animal research第34-40页
        2.8.1 microRNAs background第35-36页
        2.8.2 microRNAs biogenesis第36-37页
        2.8.3 microRNA and their targets databases第37-40页
    2.9 MicroRNA-221-3p第40-41页
    2.10 MicroRNA-222-3p第41-43页
CHAPTER THREE MATERIALS AND METHODS第43-71页
    3.1 Animals第43页
    3.2 RNA Isolation第43-46页
        3.2.1 RNA Preparation第44页
        3.2.2 RNA isolation with Trizol reagent第44-46页
        3.2.3 RNA qualification第46页
    3.3 Reverse Transcription PCR (RT- PCR)第46-48页
        3.3.1 Removal of genomic DNA from RNA preparations第46-47页
        3.3.2 First Strand c DNA Synthesis第47-48页
    3.4 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of Nnt gene第48-50页
        3.4.1 Nnt mutation detection第48-49页
        3.4.2 PCR Purification第49-50页
    3.5 Nnt Phylogenetic Analysis第50页
    3.6 Nnt Cloning第50-52页
    3.7 Blood Glucose Measurement第52-53页
    3.8 Quantitative Real- Time PCR Assay (q RT- PCR)第53-54页
        3.8.1 Nnt Expression Pattern第53页
        3.8.2 Validation of the expression of some genes related to glucose metabolism第53-54页
    3.9 Nnt genotyping第54-57页
        3.9.1 Genomic DNA Extraction第55-56页
        3.9.2 Genotyping PCR第56-57页
    3.10 Statistical Analysis第57页
    3.11 microRNA-221/222-3p target plasmid construction第57-66页
        3.11.1 micro RNA target Prediction第57-59页
        3.11.2 Identification of 3-UTR of Nnt gene第59页
        3.11.3 Amplification of Nnt 3-UTR第59-60页
        3.11.4 PCR Purification第60-61页
        3.11.5 Plasmid Cloning by Restriction Enzyme Digest第61-66页
    3.12 Cell culture第66-69页
        3.12.1 Grow cells from frozen stock第67-68页
        3.12.2 C2C12 Transfection第68-69页
    3.13 Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay第69-71页
CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS第71-86页
    4.1 Nnt mutation detection第71-73页
    4.2 The Phylogenetic Analysis of coding regions of Nnt gene第73-74页
    4.3 The expression pattern of Nnt gene第74-75页
    4.4 The blood glucose levels were different between B6J and Km mice第75-77页
    4.5 The differences between the body weight of B6J and Km mice第77页
    4.6 Association analysis of Nnt gene with growth and feed efficiency traits第77-80页
    4.7 The variation of the blood glucose levels in F2 mice第80-81页
    4.8 The expression of Nnt gene in the F2- FCR mice第81-82页
    4.9 The expression of genes related to glucose metabolism in the liver tissue第82-83页
    4.10 The expression of Nnt gene in C2C12 cells第83-84页
    4.11 Nnt is a direct target of mi R-221 and mi R-222第84-86页
CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION第86-92页
    5.1 Deletion mutation of Nnt in m RNA transcript Variant 2第86-87页
    5.2 Nnt expression in mice cells and tissues第87-88页
    5.3 Impact of Nnt expression on glucose stability and metabolism第88页
    5.4 Nnt association in glucose metabolism and feed effeciency第88-91页
    5.5 Nnt regulation and mi R-221 and mi R-222第91-92页
CONCLUSION第92-93页
REFERENCES第93-120页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT第120-121页
APPENDIX第121-122页

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