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钴/氮氧自由基催化体系:制备、机理及应用

摘要第6-8页
Abstract第8-10页
1. Introduction第18-48页
    1.1 Background第18-19页
    1.2 Nitroxyl radical catalytic systems第19-27页
        1.2.1 Nitroxyl radicals第19-22页
            1.2.1.1 TEMPO radical第19-20页
            1.2.1.2 Unhindered nitroxyl radicals第20-21页
            1.2.1.3 NOH species第21-22页
        1.2.2 Metal/TEMPO catalysis第22-25页
            1.2.2.1 Iron第23-24页
            1.2.2.2 Cobalt/Manganese第24页
            1.2.2.3 Vanadium第24页
            1.2.2.4 Laccase第24-25页
        1.2.3 Cobalt/NHPI catalysis第25-27页
    1.3 Oxidative esterification of aldehyde/alcohols with alcohols第27-31页
        1.3.1 Metal catalysis第27-29页
            1.3.1.1 Oxidation using peroxidants as the oxidant第27-29页
            1.3.1.2 Aerobic oxidation第29页
        1.3.2 Non-metal catalysis第29-31页
            1.3.2.1 N-heterocarbene catalysis第29-30页
            1.3.2.2 Halide catalysis第30-31页
    1.4 Non-noble metal-catalyzed oxidation of hydrocarbons第31-39页
        1.4.1 Manganese第31-33页
        1.4.2 Cobalt第33-35页
        1.4.3 Copper第35-36页
        1.4.4 Iron第36-38页
        1.4.5 Vanadium第38页
        1.4.6 Chromium第38-39页
    1.5 Ionic liquids (ILs)第39-46页
        1.5.1 Classification第41-42页
        1.5.2 Micelles第42-43页
        1.5.3 Oxidation in ILs第43-46页
    1.6 Research objectives第46页
    1.7 Dissertation overview第46-48页
2. Cobalt(Ⅱ)/TFA-Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes/Alcohols:DualRole of the acid Co-Catalyst第48-88页
    2.1 Introduction第48-49页
    2.2 Results and discussion第49-60页
        2.2.1 Screening a series of BAs第49-50页
        2.2.2 System optimization for the esterification of benzaldehyde(1a) with methanol-(2a)第50-51页
        2.2.3 Scope of the reaction towards aldehydes第51-53页
        2.2.4 Scope of the reaction towards alkanols第53-54页
        2.2.5 Stoichiometric reaction of 1a with TFA第54页
        2.2.6 Kinetic studies第54-55页
        2.2.7 Hammett studies the oxidative esterification of aldehyde第55-56页
        2.2.8 NMR analysis of the nucleophilic addition of CH_3OD to PhCHO in thepresence of CF_3COOH第56-57页
        2.2.9 Hammett study of the oxidative esterification of acetal第57-58页
        2.2.10 Mechanistic studies第58-60页
    2.3 Summary第60页
    2.4 Experimental section第60-63页
        2.4.1 Analytical techniques used for characterization第60-61页
        2.4.2 General preparation procedures第61-63页
            2.4.2.1 Preparation of 3-butyl-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide([Bdmim]Br)第61页
            2.4.2.2 Preparation of 3-butyl-1,2-dimethyl-1 H-imidazol-3-ium 2,2,-2-trifluoroacetate([Bdmim]CF_3COO)第61-62页
            2.4.2.3 General procedure for the oxidative esterification of aldehydes第62页
            2.4.2.4 General procedure for the oxidative esterification of alkanols第62页
            2.4.2.5 Procedures for stoichiometric reaction of la and TFA第62页
            2.4.2.6 General procedure of Hammet study on the oxidative esterification of-(dimethoxymethyl)benzene第62-63页
            2.4.2.7 Procedure for NMR analysis of the nucleophilic addition of CH_3OD toPhCHO in the presence of CF3COOH第63页
    2.5 Experimental reagents第63页
    2.6 Characterization data第63-68页
    2.7 NMR spectra第68-88页
3. Structural and Redox Properties of the TEMPO Adducts of Cobalt(Ⅱ) Halides第88-112页
    3.1 Introduction第88-89页
    3.2 Results and discussion第89-107页
        3.2.1 Coordination behavior of TEMPO towards CoX_2 (X=Cl, I) in weaklycoordinating solvent第89-91页
        3.2.2 Magnetism studies第91-92页
        3.2.3 ESR studies第92-94页
        3.2.4 Reaction of CoX_2(η~1-TEMPO)_2 with HX_((g))(X=Cl, I) in DCM第94-96页
        3.2.5 Coordination behavior of TEMPO towards CoCl_2 in acetonitril第96-98页
        3.2.6 Cyclic voltammetery第98页
        3.2.7 Uv-vis studies第98-107页
    3.3 Summary第107页
    3.4 Experimental section第107-111页
        3.4.1 Preparation of complex [Co(CH_3CN)][CoCl_3(CH_3CN)]_2[CH_3CN] (4)第107-108页
        3.4.2 Preparation of complex[C_9H_(18)NO][CoCl_3(CH_3CN) (5)第108页
        3.4.3 Preparation of complex [CoCl_(η~1-TEMPO)2_](1a)第108页
        3.4.4 Preparation of complex [CoI_2(η~1-TEMPO)_2](1b)第108页
        3.4.5 Preparation of complex [CoCl_4(TEMPOH_2)_2] (2aa)第108页
        3.4.6 Preparation of complex [CoI_2(TEMPOH)_2I_2] (3bb)第108-109页
        3.4.7 Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry analysis第109页
        3.4.8 Uv-visible spectroscopic measurements第109页
        3.4.9 Electron spin resonance measurements第109-110页
        3.4.10 Magnetism measurements第110-111页
    3.5 Experimental reagents第111-112页
4. Cobalt/N-hydroxyphthalimide(NHPI)-Catalysed Aerobic Oxidation ofHydrocarbons with Ionic Liquid Additive第112-148页
    4.1 Introduction第112-113页
    4.2 Results and discussion第113-125页
        4.2.1 Screening various imidazolium-based ILs第113-115页
        4.2.2 Study of the impact of catalyst species by kinetic profiles第115-116页
        4.2.3 Impact of H_2O on ILs size第116页
        4.2.4 Molecular dynamic simulation study第116-118页
        4.2.5 Surface tension measurements of a combination of IL and H_2O第118-119页
        4.2.6 Effect of medium on performance第119页
        4.2.7 Diffusion and solubility of O_2 and NHPI in ILs第119-123页
        4.2.8 Optimization of reaction parameters第123-124页
        4.2.9 Substrate scope of this protocol第124-125页
    4.3 Summary第125页
    4.4 Experimental section第125-130页
        4.4.1 General information第125-126页
        4.4.2 General procedure for oxidation of hydrocarbons第126页
        4.4.3 Molecular dynamics simulation第126页
        4.4.4 Surface tension measurement第126-127页
        4.4.5 The molecular packing parameters (P) calculated from surface tension of acombination of IL and water第127页
        4.4.6 Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry analysis第127-128页
            4.4.6.1 Oxygen in [bdmim]SbF_6 and [bmim]SbF_6第128页
            4.4.6.2 NHPI in [bdmim]SbF_6 and [bmim]SbF_6第128页
        4.4.7 Preparation of [bmim]SbF_6第128页
        4.4.8 Preparation of [C_(12)dmim]SbF_6第128-129页
        4.4.9 Preparation of [bdmim]Br第129页
        4.4.10 Preparation of [bdmim]SbF_6第129页
        4.4.11 Preparation of [HOOC_4mim]SbF_6第129页
        4.4.12 Procedures of catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons第129页
        4.4.13 General procedure for oxidation of cycloalkanes第129-130页
    4.5 Experimental reagents第130页
    4.6 Characterization data第130-133页
    4.7 NMR spectra第133-148页
5. Conclusion and Future Recommendations第148-152页
    5.1 General concluding remarks第148-149页
    5.2 Future recommendations第149-152页
List of Abbreviations第152-154页
References第154-172页
Acknowledgement第172-174页
Curriculum Vitae第174页

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