| 摘要 | 第3-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-9页 |
| List of abbreviations | 第13-14页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第14-24页 |
| 1 Effects of early life stress on behavoirs | 第14-15页 |
| 2 Oxytocin system | 第15-17页 |
| 2.1 Oxytocin | 第15-16页 |
| 2.2 Oxytocin receptor | 第16页 |
| 2.3 Oxytocin signaling | 第16-17页 |
| 2.4 Oxytocin and neuroplasticity | 第17页 |
| 3 Oxytocin and infant-caregiver attachment | 第17-18页 |
| 4 Effects of early life stress on oxytocin system relevant for anxiety | 第18-19页 |
| 5 Effects of early life stress on oxytocin system relevant for social behaviors | 第19-20页 |
| 5.1 OT and social approach-avoidance | 第19页 |
| 5.2 OT and recognition | 第19-20页 |
| 6 Effects of early life stress on oxytocin system relevant for sex differences | 第20页 |
| 7 Mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus):an animal model to investigate the effectsof pre-weaning paternal deprivation on the adult brain and behavior | 第20-21页 |
| 8 The scope of our study | 第21-24页 |
| Chapter 2 Emotional attachment of pre-weaning pups to mothers andfathers in mandarin voles | 第24-38页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第24-26页 |
| 2 Materials and methods | 第26-29页 |
| 2.1 Subjects | 第26-27页 |
| 2.2 Treatments | 第27页 |
| 2.3 Social preference test | 第27-28页 |
| 2.4 Statistical analysis | 第28-29页 |
| 3 Results | 第29-33页 |
| 3.1 Attachment with the mother | 第29-30页 |
| 3.2 Attachment with the father | 第30-31页 |
| 3.3 Different levels of attachment with the mother and the father | 第31-33页 |
| 3.4 Variation in levels of emotional attachment PND14 to 21 | 第33页 |
| 4 Discussion | 第33-37页 |
| 4.1 Attachment to mothers | 第34-35页 |
| 4.2 Attachment to fathers | 第35-36页 |
| 4.3 Attachment to mothers and fathers | 第36页 |
| 4.4 Levels of emotional attachment | 第36-37页 |
| 5 Conclusion | 第37-38页 |
| Chapter 3 Anxiety-like behavior and altered social preferences in adultmandarin voles following disruption of the father-offspring bond involveoxytocin and the medial prefrontal cortex | 第38-58页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第38-39页 |
| 2 Methods and Materials | 第39-43页 |
| 2.1 Subjects | 第39-40页 |
| 2.2 Open field test (OFT) | 第40页 |
| 2.3 Social preference test (SPT) | 第40-41页 |
| 2.4 Social Approach Test (SAT) | 第41页 |
| 2.5 Immunohistochemistry | 第41-42页 |
| 2.6 Western blotting | 第42页 |
| 2.7 Stereotaxic cannulation and microinjection | 第42-43页 |
| 2.8 Data analysis | 第43页 |
| 3 Results | 第43-54页 |
| 3.1 Experiment 1: Effect of pre-weaning PD on anxiety-like behavior and socialpreference | 第43-45页 |
| 3.2 Experiment 2: Effect of pre-weaning PD on mPFC, NAcc (the number ofFos-IR cells) and PVN (the percentage of c-fos/OT double-labeled neurons)neuronal activities in the social approach test | 第45-47页 |
| 3.3 Experiment 3: Effect of pre-weaning PD on mPFC and PVN OT-IR | 第47-49页 |
| 3.4 Experiment 4: Effect of pre-weaning PD on mPFC OTR-IR,V1 aR-IR andAVP-IR | 第49-51页 |
| 3.5 Experiment 5:Effect of microinjection of OT into the PLC on anxiety-likebehavior and social preference altered by pre-weaning PD | 第51-54页 |
| 4 Discussion | 第54-58页 |
| Chapter 4 Pre-weaning paternal deprivation impairs social recognitionand alters hippocampal neurogenesis and spine density in adult mandarinvoles | 第58-74页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第58-59页 |
| 2 Materials and methods | 第59-64页 |
| 2.1 Subjects | 第59-64页 |
| 2.2 Habituation-dishabituation tests | 第60页 |
| 2.3 Three-chamber sociability tests | 第60-61页 |
| 2.4 Brdu injections and perfusion | 第61页 |
| 2.5 Immunohistochemistry | 第61-62页 |
| 2.6 Golgi staining | 第62-63页 |
| 2.7 ELISA | 第63页 |
| 2.8 Data analysis | 第63-64页 |
| 3 Results | 第64-69页 |
| 3.1 Pre-weaning PD impairs social recognition and sociability | 第64-66页 |
| 3.2 Effect of pre-weaning PD on adult neurogenesis in DG | 第66-68页 |
| 3.3 Effect of pre-weaning PD on dendrites in the DG neurons | 第68-69页 |
| 3.4 Effect of pre-weaning PD on serum OT and corticosterone (CORT)concentration | 第69页 |
| 4 Discussion | 第69-74页 |
| Chapter 5 Summary and future directions | 第74-76页 |
| References | 第76-98页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第98-100页 |
| List of Publication | 第100页 |
