| ABSTRACT | 第6-10页 |
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 第16-39页 |
| 1.1 BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM STATEMENT | 第16-19页 |
| 1.2 SOCIAL CARE SERVICES | 第19-21页 |
| 1.3 INTEGRATED CARE,PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES | 第21-25页 |
| 1.4 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES | 第25页 |
| 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS | 第25-26页 |
| 1.6 RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE | 第26-27页 |
| 1.7 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS | 第27-30页 |
| 1.7.1 Hypotheses 1: Prospects of Integrated Elderly Care | 第28-29页 |
| 1.7.2 Hypotheses 2: Challenges of Elderly Care | 第29-30页 |
| 1.8 STUDY AREA AND JUSTIFICATION | 第30-31页 |
| 1.9 METHODS | 第31-32页 |
| 1.10 FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY | 第32-35页 |
| 1.11 INNOVATION OF THE STUDY | 第35-36页 |
| 1.12 STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION | 第36-39页 |
| 2. LITERATURE REVIEW | 第39-56页 |
| 2.1 OVERVIEW OF ELDERLY POPULATION IN GHANA | 第39-40页 |
| 2.2 DECLINE IN MORTALITY | 第40-41页 |
| 2.3 DECLINE IN FERTILITY RATES | 第41-42页 |
| 2.4 CHALLENGES OF THE ELDERLY IN GHANA | 第42-47页 |
| 2.4.1 Socio-Economic Needs of the Elderly | 第43-45页 |
| 2.4.2 Health Care Needs of the Elderly | 第45-47页 |
| 2.5 ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN ELDERLY CARE | 第47-49页 |
| 2.6 ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY IN ELDERLY CARE | 第49-50页 |
| 2.7 ROLE OF STATE INSTITUTIONS AND NGOS IN ELDERLY CARE | 第50-52页 |
| 2.8 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR ELDERLY IN GHANA | 第52-56页 |
| 2.8.1 National Ageing Policy | 第53页 |
| 2.8.2 National Social Protection Strategy | 第53-54页 |
| 2.8.3 Persons with Disability Act, 2006 (Act 715) | 第54-56页 |
| 3. MODELS OF ELDERLY CARE MANAGEMENT | 第56-71页 |
| 3.1 CARMEN MODEL | 第56-59页 |
| 3.2 THE LOGICAL MODEL | 第59-62页 |
| 3.2.1 Features of the Logical Model | 第60-61页 |
| 3.2.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Logical Model | 第61-62页 |
| 3.3 THE SOCIAL HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION (SOCIAL-HMO)AND PROGRAM OF ALL-INCLUSIVECARE FOR THE ELDERLY (PACE) | 第62-64页 |
| 3.4 HOLLANDER AND PRINCE FRAMEWORK | 第64-67页 |
| 3.5 OTHER MODELS OF ELDERLY CARE | 第67-68页 |
| 3.6 SUMMARY OF MODELS | 第68-71页 |
| 4. EMPIRICAL MODELS AND DATA | 第71-89页 |
| 4.1 RESEARCH STRATEGY | 第71-72页 |
| 4.2 SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA | 第72-73页 |
| 4.3 HOW PRIMARY RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED | 第73-78页 |
| 4.3.1 Population and Sample | 第73-74页 |
| 4.3.2 Questionnaire for care givers, managers and policy makers | 第74页 |
| 4.3.3 Questionnaire for Elderly People | 第74-76页 |
| 4.3.4 Data Collection | 第76页 |
| 4.3.5 Analysis Process | 第76-77页 |
| 4.3.6 Normality assumption | 第77页 |
| 4.3.7 Linearity and Homoscedasticity | 第77页 |
| 4.3.8 Independence errors and Multicolinearity | 第77-78页 |
| 4.4 Testing of Hypothesis | 第78-89页 |
| 4.4.1 The Fitted Logistic Regression Model and Pearson Chi-square | 第78-79页 |
| 4.4.2 Neyman- Pearson lemma | 第79-80页 |
| 4.4.3 The Likelihood Ratio Test | 第80-81页 |
| 4.4.4 The Bayes Factors | 第81-82页 |
| 4.4.5 Bayes factors for simple hypotheses | 第82-83页 |
| 4.4.6 Bayesian Analysis with Normal Distributions | 第83-84页 |
| 4.4.7 Method of least squares regression | 第84-85页 |
| 4.4.8 Chi-Square goodness-of-fit test | 第85页 |
| 4.4.9 Chi Square Tests of Independence | 第85-86页 |
| 4.4.10 Chi-Square distribution (central) | 第86页 |
| 4.4.11 Non -Central Chi-Square Distribution | 第86-87页 |
| 4.4.12 Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) Goodness of Fit Test | 第87-89页 |
| 5 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION | 第89-124页 |
| 5.1 ANALYSIS OF ELDERLY POPULATION TREND IN GHANA | 第89-98页 |
| 5.1.1 The growth of the elderly population, 1960-2010 | 第90-91页 |
| 5.1.2 The growth of the male and female elderly population, 1960-2010 | 第91-92页 |
| 5.1.3 Test of Significance of Growth Rate in Elderly Population | 第92-94页 |
| 5.1.4 Future Growth of Ghana's Elderly Population | 第94-98页 |
| 5.2 ANALYSIS OF ELDERS RESPONSES | 第98-119页 |
| 5.2.1 Descriptive Analysis | 第99-102页 |
| 5.2.2 Analysis of Needs and Satisfaction Gap of Elderly People | 第102-107页 |
| 5.2.3 Analysis of Causes of Gaps in the Satisfaction of Needs of Elderly People | 第107-112页 |
| 5.2.4 Analysis of Measures to Close Gap through Integrated Care | 第112-118页 |
| 5.2.5 Summary of Tables | 第118-119页 |
| 5.3 ANALYSIS OF CARE MANAGERS DATA | 第119-124页 |
| 6 DISCUSSION AND PROPOSED MODEL | 第124-139页 |
| 6.1 AGEING POPULATION IN GHANA | 第124-125页 |
| 6.2 EXPECTATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN GHANA | 第125-128页 |
| 6.3 LOCATIONAL DISPARITY IN ELDERLY NEEDS | 第128-129页 |
| 6.4 PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF INTEGRATED ELDERLY CARE | 第129-133页 |
| 6.5 PROPOSED ELDERLY CARE MODEL FOR GHANA | 第133页 |
| 6.6 INTEGRATED PARTNERS | 第133-135页 |
| 6.7 INTEGRATED INSTITUTIONS | 第135-138页 |
| 6.7.1 National Elderly Council | 第136页 |
| 6.7.2 National Ageing Fund | 第136-137页 |
| 6.7.3 Community Based Elderly Council | 第137-138页 |
| 6.8 CONCLUSION | 第138-139页 |
| 7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE STUDIES | 第139-145页 |
| 7.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | 第139-140页 |
| 7.2 POLICY IMPLICATIONS | 第140-142页 |
| 7.3 LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH | 第142-144页 |
| 7.4 FUTURE STUDIES | 第144-145页 |
| LIST OF REFERENCES | 第145-155页 |
| ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS | 第155页 |
