| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-12页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第12-15页 |
| ·Background of the Present study | 第12-13页 |
| ·Objectives and significance of the Study | 第13-14页 |
| ·Objectives | 第13页 |
| ·Significance | 第13-14页 |
| ·Layout of the Thesis | 第14-15页 |
| Chapter2 Literature Review | 第15-19页 |
| ·Introduction of Markedness Theory | 第15-17页 |
| ·Background of the Origin of Markedness Theory | 第15-16页 |
| ·Content of Markedness Theory | 第16-17页 |
| ·Standard for the Distinction between Marked and Unmarked | 第17-19页 |
| ·Wang,Yan's Criteria | 第17页 |
| ·Cai Jinting's Criteria | 第17页 |
| ·Hu Zhuanglin's Criteria | 第17-18页 |
| ·The Advocated Criteria in This Paper | 第18页 |
| ·Summary | 第18-19页 |
| Chapter 3 Research Methodology and Research Questions | 第19-20页 |
| ·Research Methodology | 第19页 |
| ·Research Questions | 第19-20页 |
| Chapter 4 Marked/Unmarked Use of the Word"老"and Its English Equivalent | 第20-46页 |
| ·A Morphological Approach | 第21-23页 |
| ·Theoretical Background | 第21-22页 |
| ·Morpheme | 第21页 |
| ·Types of Morpheme | 第21-22页 |
| ·Chinese Character"老"in Carapace-Bone-Script | 第22页 |
| ·Character"老"in Modern Chinese | 第22页 |
| ·Morphological Analysis on Character"老" | 第22-23页 |
| ·Morphological analysis on the Internal Structure of Character"老" | 第22-23页 |
| ·Morphological analysis on the External Structure of Character"老" | 第23页 |
| ·Summary | 第23页 |
| ·A Syntactical Approach | 第23-35页 |
| ·Theoretical Background | 第23-24页 |
| ·Deep and surface structures | 第23-24页 |
| ·Phrase structural rules | 第24页 |
| ·Syntactic Analysis on Word"老" | 第24-35页 |
| ·Word"老" as an Adjective | 第24-28页 |
| ·Word"老" as an Adjective meaning "old or aged" | 第24-26页 |
| ·Word"老" as an Adjective meaning long-standing | 第26页 |
| ·Word"老" as an Adjective meaning experienced | 第26-27页 |
| ·Word"老" as an Adjective meaning thick | 第27-28页 |
| ·Word"老" as an Adjective meaning youngest | 第28页 |
| ·Word"老" as a noun | 第28-30页 |
| ·Word"老" as a noun meaning old age | 第28-29页 |
| ·Word"老" as a noun meaning"your old" | 第29页 |
| ·Word"老" as a noun for respect without age identity | 第29页 |
| ·Word"老" as a noun referring to oneself | 第29-30页 |
| ·Word"老" as a noun meaning a term of honor and respectfor some feudal officials | 第30页 |
| ·Word"老" as a noun meaning parents or brother | 第30页 |
| ·Word"老" referring to Lao Zi(a famous thinker in Pre-QinDynasty) | 第30页 |
| ·Word"老" as an address in the family | 第30页 |
| ·Word"老" as a verb | 第30-31页 |
| ·Word"老" as a verb as the euphemism of "die" | 第30页 |
| ·Word"老" as a verb meaning"respect and love,honor" | 第30页 |
| ·Word"老" as a verb meaning"retire from age" | 第30页 |
| ·Word"老" as a verb meaning"be old and feeble" | 第30-31页 |
| ·Word"老" as a verb meaning"old and feeble,senile,decrepit" | 第31页 |
| ·Summary | 第31页 |
| ·Word"老" as an adverb | 第31-35页 |
| ·Word"老" as an adverb before a verb | 第31-33页 |
| ·Word"老" as an adverb before an adjective | 第33页 |
| ·Word"老" as an adverb used alone meaning for a longtime | 第33-35页 |
| ·Word"老" as a Prefix | 第35页 |
| ·Word"老" as a Suffix | 第35页 |
| ·Summary | 第35页 |
| ·A Semantic Approach | 第35-37页 |
| ·The meaning of Word"老" as"old" | 第35-37页 |
| ·The meaning of Word"老" as "long-standing" | 第36页 |
| ·The meaning of Word"老" as "thick" | 第36页 |
| ·The meaning of Word"老" as "great"or"big" | 第36页 |
| ·The meaning of Word"老" as"youngest" | 第36-37页 |
| ·Summary:the Markedness of Word"老" and Its English Equivalent | 第37页 |
| ·A Sociolinguistic Approach | 第37-42页 |
| ·Address | 第37-40页 |
| ·Theoretical Basis | 第37页 |
| ·Marked or Unmarked Use of Word"老" used in a PersonalAddress and Its English Equivalent | 第37-39页 |
| ·Marked or Unmarked Use of Word"老" used in an ObjectiveAddress and Its English Equivalent | 第39-40页 |
| ·Dialect | 第40-42页 |
| ·Theoretical basis | 第40-41页 |
| ·Marked or Unmarked Use of Word"老" in dialects and ItsEnglish Equivalent | 第41-42页 |
| ·A Historical Approach | 第42-43页 |
| ·Theoretical Background:Language Change | 第42页 |
| ·Semantic Change of Word"老" | 第42-43页 |
| ·The Original Meaning of Word"老" | 第42页 |
| ·The Broadening of the Meaning of Word"老" | 第42-43页 |
| ·Summary | 第43页 |
| ·Lexical Category Change of Word"老" | 第43页 |
| ·Summary | 第43-46页 |
| ·Word"老" in a personal address | 第44页 |
| ·Unmarked use of word"老"in a personal address | 第44页 |
| ·Marked use of word"老"in a personal address | 第44页 |
| ·Collocation of Marked use of word"老"with anAppositive | 第44页 |
| ·Marked use of word"老"without an Appositive | 第44页 |
| ·Word"老" in an Objective Address | 第44-45页 |
| ·Marked use of word"老" in an Objective Address | 第44页 |
| ·Unmarked use of word"老" in an Objective Address | 第44-45页 |
| ·Word"老" in an Idiom | 第45页 |
| ·Word"老" in the Dialect | 第45-46页 |
| Chapter 5 The Distinction in CE Social identity in relation to Chinese word"老" | 第46-61页 |
| ·Sayings Containing Word"老" in both Chinese and English | 第46-47页 |
| ·Sayings regarding the respect for the old as the traditional virtue | 第46页 |
| ·Sayings regarding the respect for the old as an efficient way for family harmony | 第46-47页 |
| ·Sayings regarding the respect for the old as a reflection of one's moral character | 第47页 |
| ·Sayings to appeal concern and love to the old | 第47页 |
| ·Comparison on the Social Status of the Old between in China and in the USA | 第47-54页 |
| ·Respecting the old | 第47-50页 |
| ·Respecting the old as a Traditional Virtue in China | 第47-49页 |
| ·Confucius and Respecting the Old | 第48页 |
| ·Chen Yi and Respecting the Old | 第48页 |
| ·Chairman Mao and Respecting the Old | 第48-49页 |
| ·Lack of the virtue of Respecting the Old in the USA | 第49-50页 |
| ·Summary | 第50页 |
| ·Supporting the old | 第50-52页 |
| ·Supporting the old as a responsibility in China | 第50-51页 |
| ·Supporting the old free of responsibility in the USA | 第51-52页 |
| ·Summary | 第52页 |
| ·Social Value of the Old | 第52-53页 |
| ·Social Value of the Old Relatively as authority in China | 第52-53页 |
| ·Social Value of the Old in the USA | 第53页 |
| ·Summary | 第53页 |
| ·Summary | 第53-54页 |
| ·Comparison on the Living Styles of the Old between in China and in the USA | 第54-61页 |
| ·Comparison on Family Structure | 第54-57页 |
| ·Family Structure in China | 第54-56页 |
| ·Family Structure in Earlier Period in China | 第54-55页 |
| ·Family Structure Nowadays in China | 第55-56页 |
| ·Family Structure in the USA | 第56-57页 |
| ·Summary | 第57页 |
| ·Comparison on Elderly-Support Method | 第57-60页 |
| ·Elderly-Support Method in China | 第58-59页 |
| ·Elderly-Support Method in the USA | 第59页 |
| ·Summary | 第59-60页 |
| ·Summary | 第60-61页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion | 第61-64页 |
| ·A Summary of the Study | 第61-63页 |
| ·Limitation of the Study and Future Study Plan | 第63-64页 |
| Bibliography | 第64-67页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第67-68页 |
| 攻读硕士期间发表的论文 | 第68页 |
