| Abstract | 第8-10页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第11-14页 |
| List of abbreviations | 第14-16页 |
| Chapter 1: General introduction | 第16-29页 |
| 1.1 Introduction | 第16页 |
| 1.2 Symbiotic bacteria in insects | 第16-19页 |
| 1.2.1 Structure and community of bacteria associated with insect organ | 第16-18页 |
| 1.2.1.1 Properties of bacteria in insect esophageal bulb | 第16-17页 |
| 1.2.1.2 Properties of bacteria in insect gut | 第17页 |
| 1.2.1.3 Properties of bacteria in reproductive organ | 第17-18页 |
| 1.2.2 Bacteria isolation and identification in insects | 第18-19页 |
| 1.2.2.1 Culture-dependent technique | 第18页 |
| 1.2.2.2 Culture-independent technique | 第18-19页 |
| 1.3 Function of symbiotic bacteria on insects | 第19-20页 |
| 1.3.1 Bacteria provide host nutrients | 第19页 |
| 1.3.2 Effects over host defense | 第19页 |
| 1.3.3 Effects on development, longevity and other fitness parameters | 第19-20页 |
| 1.4 Utilization of symbiotic bacteria towards on management of pests including sterile insect techniques (SIT) and incompatible insect technique (IIT) | 第20-22页 |
| 1.4.1 The effects on mating performance in SIT | 第20-21页 |
| 1.4.2 Development of wolbachia related IIT | 第21-22页 |
| 1.5 Biology and management of Bactrocera dorsalis | 第22-26页 |
| 1.5.1 General introduction and economic importance of B. dorsalis | 第22页 |
| 1.5.2 The life history and distribution of B. dorsalis | 第22-24页 |
| 1.5.3 The symbiotic bacteria in B. dorsalis and the application | 第24-25页 |
| 1.5.4 Current management of B. dorsalis | 第25-26页 |
| 1.5.4.1 Lure and kill approach | 第25页 |
| 1.5.4.2 Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) | 第25页 |
| 1.5.4.3 Area-wide integrated pest management | 第25-26页 |
| 1.6 The objectives of this study | 第26-29页 |
| 1.6.1 The flowchart of this study | 第28-29页 |
| Chapter 2: Isolation and identification of bacteria associated with gut and reproductive organ of laboratory oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis | 第29-41页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第29-30页 |
| 2.2 Material and methods | 第30-32页 |
| 2.2.1 Insect samples | 第30页 |
| 2.2.2 Gut dissection and isolation of the intestinal culturable bacteria | 第30-31页 |
| 2.2.3 Extracted DNA | 第31页 |
| 2.2.4 PCR amplification and sequencing | 第31-32页 |
| 2.3 Results and analyses | 第32-38页 |
| 2.3.1 Identification of culturable bacteria in B. dorsalis | 第32-36页 |
| 2.3.2 Taxonomic composition of bacteria at the phylum level | 第36页 |
| 2.3.3 The influences tissue and sex on bacterial communities at genera level | 第36-38页 |
| 2.4 Discussion | 第38-41页 |
| Chapter 3: Assessing the effect of gut bacteria manipulation on the development of the oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidiea) | 第41-56页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第41-42页 |
| 3.2 Material and Methods | 第42-44页 |
| 3.2.1 The insect strain and rearing conditions | 第42-43页 |
| 3.2.2 Growth rate of the bacteria | 第43页 |
| 3.2.3 Preparation of experimental larval diet and feeding | 第43页 |
| 3.2.4 The effect of bacteria on the developmental duration | 第43-44页 |
| 3.2.5 The effect of bacteria on insect survival | 第44页 |
| 3.2.6 The effect of gut bacterial isolates on pupal weight | 第44页 |
| 3.2.7 Statistical analysis | 第44页 |
| 3.3 Results and analyses | 第44-53页 |
| 3.3.1 Gut bacterial community | 第44-47页 |
| 3.3.2 The growth of gut symbiotic bacteria | 第47-48页 |
| 3.3.3 Effect of bacteria on developmental duration | 第48-50页 |
| 3.3.3.1 Larval developmental duration | 第48-49页 |
| 3.3.3.2 Pupal developmental duration | 第49页 |
| 3.3.3.3 Total developmental duration | 第49-50页 |
| 3.3.4 The effect of bacteria on insect survival | 第50-52页 |
| 3.3.4.1 Larval survival | 第50-51页 |
| 3.3.4.2 Pupal survival | 第51页 |
| 3.3.4.3 Total survival | 第51-52页 |
| 3.3.5 Effect of bacteria on pupal weight | 第52-53页 |
| 3.3.6 Association of weight, development time and survival | 第53页 |
| 3.4 Discussion | 第53-56页 |
| Chapter 4: Effect of bacteria on mating competitiveness of the sterile male, Bactrocera dorsalis | 第56-68页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第56-57页 |
| 4.2 Materials and methods | 第57-59页 |
| 4.2.1 Fly stocks and experiment design | 第57页 |
| 4.2.2 Bacteria strains and the cultures | 第57页 |
| 4.2.3 Effect of bacteria enriched diet on mating competitiveness of sterile males | 第57-58页 |
| 4.2.4 Inhibition of female remating | 第58页 |
| 4.2.5 Assessing probiotic effect on adult weight | 第58页 |
| 4.2.6 Nutritional analyses | 第58-59页 |
| 4.2.7 Statistical analysis | 第59页 |
| 4.3 Results and analyses | 第59-66页 |
| 4.3.1 Effects of Bacterial Inoculation on mating competitiveness of sterile males | 第59-60页 |
| 4.3.2 Inhibition of female remating | 第60-61页 |
| 4.3.3 Weight of adult flies | 第61-62页 |
| 4.3.4 Biochemical analysis | 第62-66页 |
| 4.3.4.1 Protein content | 第62-63页 |
| 4.3.4.2 Triglyceride content | 第63-64页 |
| 4.3.4.3 Glucose content | 第64-66页 |
| 4.4 Discussion | 第66-68页 |
| Chapter 5: High-throughput next-generation of 16S r RNA gene reveals the core gut microbiome of the sterile oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis | 第68-79页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第68-69页 |
| 5.2 Materials and methods | 第69-71页 |
| 5.2.1 Flies | 第69页 |
| 5.2.2 Gut dissection and DNA extraction | 第69页 |
| 5.2.3 PCR amplification and illumina Mi Seq sequencing | 第69-70页 |
| 5.2.4 Statistical and bioinformatics analysis | 第70-71页 |
| 5.3 Results and analyses | 第71-77页 |
| 5.3.1 The bacterial community | 第71-73页 |
| 5.3.2 The bacterial composition at the phyla level | 第73页 |
| 5.3.3 The bacterial composition at the family level | 第73-75页 |
| 5.3.4 The bacterial composition at the genus level | 第75-77页 |
| 5.4 Discussion | 第77-79页 |
| Chapter 6: Occurrence of the endosymbiotic bacteria across populations of Bactreocra fruit flies: Frequency and prevalence of Wolbachia, Cardinium, and Spiroplasma | 第79-91页 |
| 6.1 Introduction | 第79-80页 |
| 6.2 Material and methods | 第80-82页 |
| 6.2.1 Insect sampling | 第80页 |
| 6.2.2 DNA template preparation | 第80-81页 |
| 6.2.3 PCR amplification and sequencing for reproductive symbionts | 第81-82页 |
| 6.3 Results and analyses | 第82-89页 |
| 6.3.1 Presence of Wolbachia | 第82-88页 |
| 6.3.2 Presence of Cardiniun | 第88页 |
| 6.3.3 Presence of Spiroplasma | 第88-89页 |
| 6.4 Discussion | 第89-91页 |
| Chapter 7: General discussion and conclusion | 第91-95页 |
| References | 第95-109页 |
| Appendices | 第109-110页 |
| Curriculum Vitae | 第110-113页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第113-115页 |
