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A Contrastive study on the Speech Act of Apologies

Acknowledgements第7-8页
Abstract (English)第8页
1. Introduction第12-17页
    1.1 Research Topic第12-14页
    1.2 The Definition of an Apology第14-16页
    1.3 General Organization第16-17页
2. Literature Review第17-52页
    2.1 The Development of the Study of the Speech Act of Apologies第17-23页
        2.1.1 The Broaching of the Theory of Speech Acts第17-18页
        2.1.2 The Importance of the Study of Speech Acts第18-20页
        2.1.3 The Importance of the Study of the Speech Act of Apologies第20-21页
        2.1.4 The Study of Apologies第21-23页
    2.2 Theories and Concepts第23-28页
    2.3 Results of the Studies of Apologies第28-39页
        2.3.1 The Definition of an Apology第28-30页
        2.3.2 Apologies and Face第30页
        2.3.3 Apology Strategies第30-34页
        2.3.4 Apologies and Socio-pragmatic Factors第34页
        2.3.4.1 Socio-pragmatic Factors第34-36页
        2.3.4.2 The Correlation between Apologies Strategies and Socio-pragmatic Factors第36-37页
        2.3.5 Cross-cultural comparison第37-39页
    2.4 Studies of Linguistic Politeness and Indirectness第39-44页
        2.4.1 Indirectness第39页
        2.4.1.1 The Relationship between IFIDs and Indirectness第39-40页
        2.4.1.2 Different Dimensions of Illocutionary Forces of the Utterance第40-41页
        2.4.2 Politeness: A Device for the Explanation of Indirectness第41-42页
        2.4.3 Chinese Perception of Politeness第42-44页
    2.5 Methodological issues第44-52页
        2.5.1 The Ethnographic Method第44-45页
        2.5.2 Role-play第45页
        2.5.3 Multiple Choice Questionnaire (MCQ)第45-46页
        2.5.4 DCTs第46页
        2.5.4.1 The Disadvantages of DCTs第46页
        2.5.4.2 The Advantages of DCTs第46-47页
        2.5.4.3 The Validity of DCTs as Proved by the CCSARP Group第47-49页
        2.5.4.4 Some Discussions about DCTs第49-50页
        2.5.5 Some Concluding Remarks第50-52页
3. Research Methodology and Research Procedure第52-64页
    3.1 Research Methodology第52-53页
    3.2 Research Procedure第53-64页
        3.2.1 Subjects第53-54页
        3.2.2 Data第54页
        3.2.2.1 DCT-Questionnaire第54-56页
        3.2.2.2 Pilot Test第56-58页
        3.2.2.3 Data Collection第58-59页
        3.2.2.4 Description of Data第59-60页
        3.2.2.5 Situation Assessment Questionnaire第60-64页
4. Data Analysis第64-126页
    4.1 Data coding第64-67页
        4.1.1 The Coding Scheme in the CCSARP Project第64页
        4.1.2 The Coding Scheme of My Data第64-67页
    4.2 Analysis of the Data第67-126页
        4.2.1. Alerters第67页
        4.2.1.1 Forms of Alerters in Apologies in Chinese第67-73页
        4.2.1.2 Contrast of the Use of Alerters across Situations第73-74页
        4.2.1.3 Contrast of alerters in Chinese and English Apologies第74-75页
        4.2.2 Strategies in Chinese Apologies第75页
        4.2.2.1 IFIDs第75-76页
        A. IFIDs in Chinese Apologies第76-87页
        B. Intensifiers in IFIDs in Chinese Apologies第87-93页
        4.2.2.2 Taking on responsibility第93-101页
        4.2.2.3 Explanation第101-103页
        4.2.2.4 Offer of repair第103-106页
        4.2.2.5 Promise of forbearance第106-107页
        4.2.2.6 Distracting from the offence第107-110页
        4.2.2.7 Show of concern第110-111页
        4.2.2.8 Some Concluding Remarks第111-112页
        4.2.3 Roles of the Strategies第112页
        4.2.3.1 Head-acts第112-116页
        4.2.3.2 Supportive Moves第116-124页
        4.2.4 Modifying the Apology第124页
        4.2.4.1 Intensifying the Apology第124-125页
        4.2.4.2 Mitigating the Apology第125-126页
5. Cross-Situational and Cross-Cultural Contrasts in Apologizing Behavior第126-150页
    5.1 A Cross-Situational Contrast in Apologizing Behavior第126-137页
        5.1.1 Distribution of Apology Strategies across Situations第126-128页
        5.1.2 The Situation Assessment Questionnaire第128-129页
        5.1.3 Social Factors and Strategy Selection第129页
        5.1.3.1 Social Factors and IFIDs第129-130页
        5.1.3.2 Social Factors and Taking on responsibility第130-133页
        5.1.3.3 Social Factors and Explanation第133页
        5.1.3.4 Social Factors and Distracting from the offence第133页
        5.1.3.5 Social Factors and Intensifiers第133-134页
        5.1.3.6 Other Strategies第134页
        5.1.3.7 Contrast of the Length of the Utterance across Situations第134-136页
        5.1.4 Some Concluding Remarks第136-137页
    5.2 A Cross-Cultural Contrast in Apologizing Behavior第137-150页
        5.2.1 A General Comparison第137-138页
        5.2.2 IFID across Five Languages第138-140页
        5.2.2.1 Similarities across Languages第140页
        5.2.2.2 The Difference across Languages第140-141页
        5.2.2.3 Difference of the Preference of IFIDs in Chinese and Hebrew with Respect to Cultural Perception第141-143页
        5.2.2.4 Difference between Chinese and the Other Four Languages as a Whole第143-145页
        5.2.3 Responsibility across the Five Languages第145页
        5.2.3.1 The Strategy of Taking on responsibility in General第145-146页
        5.2.3.2 The Substrategy of Explicit Self-blame第146-148页
        5.2.4 Intensifiers across Languages第148-149页
        5.2.5 Some Concluding Remarks第149-150页
6. Discussions第150-174页
    6.1 Indirectness in Chinese Apologies第150-158页
        6.1.1 Indirectness and its Classification第150-151页
        6.1.2 Indirectness in the Speech Act of Apologies第151-152页
        6.1.3 Representation of Indirectness in Apologies in Chinese第152-155页
        6.1.4 The Correlation between Indirectness in Apologies and Socio-Pragmatic Factors第155-156页
        6.1.5 The Function of Indirectness in Chinese Apologies第156-158页
    6.2 Politeness in Chinese Apologies第158-162页
        6.2.1 Different Perception of Politeness between Chinese and Western Cultures第158页
        6.2.2 Chinese Perception of Politeness第158-159页
        6.2.3 What is Considered as Polite in Chinese Apologies第159-162页
    6.3 The Relationship between Indirectness and Politeness第162-167页
        6.3.1 The Problems of Brown & Levinson's and Leech's Views第162-163页
        6.3.2 Why the Relationship between Indirectness and Politeness is Different between Speech Acts like Apologies and those like Requests第163-164页
        6.3.3 Explain Indirectness in the Speech Act of Apologies by Using Face第164-165页
        6.3.4 In Apologies: Indirectness is a Way to Solve a Contradiction第165-167页
    6.4 Difference in the Perception of Offences between Chinese and Western Cultures第167-169页
        6.4.1 The Categories of Offences第167-168页
        6.4.2 Seriousness of Offence第168-169页
    6.5 On Bulge Theory第169-172页
        6.5.1 IFIDs第169-170页
        6.5.2 Taking on responsibility第170-172页
    6.6 Methodology第172-174页
7. Conclusion第174-181页
Appendixes第181-186页
Bibliography第186-188页

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