| Dedication | 第1-9页 |
| ABBREVIATIONS | 第9-19页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第19-22页 |
| 摘要 | 第22-24页 |
| CHAPTER 1 | 第24-28页 |
| 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION | 第24-26页 |
| 2. OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY | 第26-28页 |
| CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH BACKGROUND | 第28-36页 |
| 1 PHYTOPHTHORA SOJAE | 第28-31页 |
| ·Life cycle of Phytophthora sojae | 第29-30页 |
| ·Phytophthora sojae effector proteins | 第30-31页 |
| 2. MOLECULAR PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS | 第31-33页 |
| ·PAMP Triggered Immunity | 第32-33页 |
| ·Effector Triggered Immunity | 第33页 |
| 3. LOCALIZATION OF OOMYCETE EFFECTORS | 第33-34页 |
| 4. OOMYCETE EFFECTOR SUPPRESS PLANT IMMUNITY | 第34-36页 |
| CHAPTER 3 PHYTOPHTHORA SOJAE EFFECTOR CRN70 SUPPRESSES PLANT DEFENSE INNICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA | 第36-58页 |
| Abstract | 第36-37页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第37-39页 |
| 2. Material and Methods | 第39-43页 |
| ·Plant material, bacterial strain and growth condition | 第39-40页 |
| ·Plasmid construction | 第40页 |
| ·Generation of the PsCRN70-transgenic N. benthamiana | 第40-41页 |
| ·Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression | 第41页 |
| ·Phytophthora parasitica inoculation assay | 第41-42页 |
| ·RNA extraction and quantitative RT-PCR | 第42页 |
| ·Confocal microscopy | 第42-43页 |
| ·Protein extraction and Western blot analyses | 第43页 |
| ·DAB staining | 第43页 |
| 3. Results | 第43-55页 |
| ·Generation of thePsCRN70-transgenic N. benthamiana | 第43-46页 |
| ·Expression of the PsCRN70 in N. benthamiana enhance susceptibility to P. parasitica | 第46-49页 |
| ·PsCRN70 suppresses cell death in N. benthamiana | 第49-52页 |
| ·Expression of the PsCRN70 impairs the H_2O_2 accumulation in N. benthamiana | 第52-53页 |
| ·Expressions of the PsCRN70 reduce the expressional levels of the plant defense-associated genes | 第53-55页 |
| 4. DISCUSSION | 第55-58页 |
| CHAPTER 4 OVEREXPRESSION OF PHYTOPHTHORA SOJAE EFFECTOR CRN161 IN NICOTIANABENTHAMIANA ENHANCES DISEASE RESISTANCE AND INDUCES TOLERANCE TOSALT AND DROUGHT STRESS | 第58-88页 |
| Abstract | 第58-59页 |
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 第59-61页 |
| 2 MATERIAL AND METHODS | 第61-68页 |
| ·Plant material, growth conditions, and treatments | 第61页 |
| ·Construction of the transformation vector | 第61-62页 |
| ·Generation of the PsCRN161-transgenic N. benthamiana | 第62-63页 |
| ·DNA isolation from T1 leaves | 第63-64页 |
| ·Total RNA Isolation | 第64页 |
| ·Protein extraction and western blots | 第64-65页 |
| ·Confocal microscopy | 第65-66页 |
| ·Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression | 第66页 |
| ·Phytophthora inoculation and resistance assay | 第66页 |
| ·3,3-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining assays | 第66-67页 |
| ·SYBR Green quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay | 第67页 |
| ·Salt and drought stress analysis | 第67-68页 |
| 3. RESULTS | 第68-88页 |
| ·Overexpression of the PsCRN161 gene in N. benthamiana | 第68-70页 |
| ·Subcellular localization of PsCRN161 | 第70页 |
| ·Enhanced resistance of PsCRN161-transgenic plants to oomycetes Phytophthora infection | 第70-73页 |
| ·Overexpression of PsCRN161 suppresses cell death in N. benthamiana | 第73-75页 |
| ·Induction of expressional levels of the defence-related genes in PsCRN161-transgenic plants | 第75-76页 |
| ·PsCRN161-transgenic plants enhanced H_2O_2 accumulation | 第76-78页 |
| ·PsCRN161-transgenic plants increased the salt tolerance | 第78-81页 |
| ·PsCRN161-transgenic plants increased the drought tolerance | 第81-84页 |
| 4. Discussion | 第84-88页 |
| CHAPTER 5 PHYTOPHTHORA SOJAE EFFECTOR CRN115 IMPROVES DROUGHT AND SALTTOLERANCE AND ENHANCED DEFENCE RESPONSES TO PATHOGEN INFECTION INTRANSGENIC NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA | 第88-118页 |
| Abstract | 第88-89页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第89-91页 |
| 2. Material and Methods | 第91-97页 |
| ·Plant growth and treatments | 第91页 |
| ·Generation of the PsCRNl 15-transgenic N. benthamiana | 第91-92页 |
| ·Vector construction and genetic transformation | 第92-93页 |
| ·DNA isolation from T1 leaves | 第93页 |
| ·Total RNA Isolation | 第93-94页 |
| ·Protein extraction and western blots | 第94-95页 |
| ·Subcellular localization of the PsCRN115 protein | 第95页 |
| ·Pathogen infection | 第95-96页 |
| ·3,3-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining assays | 第96页 |
| ·Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay | 第96页 |
| ·Analysis oftransgenic tobacco plants for abiotic stress tolerance | 第96-97页 |
| 3. Results | 第97-114页 |
| ·Transformation and Molecular Analyses of PsCRN115 gene in N. benthamiana Plants | 第97-99页 |
| ·PsCRN115 is localized to the nucleus | 第99-100页 |
| ·Enhanced Phytophthora resistance in PsCRN115-transgenk plants | 第100-103页 |
| ·Detection of reactive oxygen species accumulation in PsCRN115-transgenic plants | 第103-106页 |
| ·Altered expression of defence-related genes in PsCRN115-transgenic plants | 第106-108页 |
| ·PsCRN115-transgenic plants display increased salt tolerance | 第108-111页 |
| ·PsCRN115-transgenic plants display increased drought tolerance | 第111-114页 |
| 4. Discussion | 第114-118页 |
| SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | 第118-120页 |
| REFERENCES | 第120-132页 |
| APPENDIX | 第132-138页 |
| PUBLICATIONS | 第138-140页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第140-141页 |
