| 摘要 | 第1-4页 |
| Abstract | 第4-6页 |
| Table of Contents | 第6-8页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第8-12页 |
| ·Freight transportation and the environment | 第8-9页 |
| ·Logistics in big cities: the impact of congestion | 第9-10页 |
| ·Motivations of the thesis | 第10-11页 |
| ·Outline of the thesis | 第11-12页 |
| 2 Literature review | 第12-31页 |
| ·The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) | 第12-14页 |
| ·The Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem (TDVRP) | 第14-23页 |
| ·What is the TDVRP? | 第15页 |
| ·How to model time-dependent travel time functions? | 第15-16页 |
| ·How to build reliable time-dependent travel time functions? | 第16-18页 |
| ·How to design mathematical models for the TDVRP? | 第18页 |
| ·How to efficiently solve the TDVRP? | 第18-23页 |
| ·How to model fuel consumption | 第23-25页 |
| ·Green Vehicle Routing Problems | 第25-31页 |
| ·The role of speed | 第29页 |
| ·Green Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problems | 第29-31页 |
| 3 Modeling of a Green TDVRP | 第31-46页 |
| ·Building the modeling framework: hypotheses and modeling methods | 第31-36页 |
| ·Fuel consumption and emission modeling | 第31-33页 |
| ·Speed modeling in the basis model | 第33-34页 |
| ·Waiting time | 第34页 |
| ·Structure of the cost function | 第34-36页 |
| ·A linear MIP formulation of a Green Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem | 第36-41页 |
| ·Discretization of the travel time function | 第36-38页 |
| ·Linear MIP formulation of a Green TDVRP | 第38-41页 |
| ·Improving the model | 第41-46页 |
| ·The average speed approximation | 第41-44页 |
| ·Waiting time | 第44-46页 |
| 4 Case study construction | 第46-59页 |
| ·Why we did not use benchmark instances | 第46-47页 |
| ·City logistics in Beijing | 第47-50页 |
| ·Customer network construction | 第50-54页 |
| ·Selection of the customer nodes | 第50-52页 |
| ·Road network construction | 第52-54页 |
| ·Speed patterns | 第54-57页 |
| ·Base case test instances | 第57-59页 |
| 5 Experimental results | 第59-68页 |
| ·Results of the base cases | 第59-62页 |
| ·Justification of the time-dependent framework | 第60-61页 |
| ·Varying the demand | 第61-62页 |
| ·Timing: starting time optimization and waiting time | 第62-64页 |
| ·Optimization of the starting time from the depot | 第62-63页 |
| ·Waiting times | 第63-64页 |
| ·Modifying the speed distribution | 第64-65页 |
| ·Random modification of the speed distribution | 第64页 |
| ·A speed distribution by zones | 第64-65页 |
| ·Using a time-minimizing shortest path algorithm | 第65-68页 |
| 6 Conclusion | 第68-71页 |
| ·Major results | 第68-70页 |
| ·A small potential for fuel consumption minimization | 第68-69页 |
| ·Time-dependence and timing | 第69页 |
| ·The importance of the construction of the instances | 第69-70页 |
| ·Limitations and perspectives | 第70-71页 |
| ·Deterministic framework | 第70页 |
| ·Acceleration | 第70-71页 |
| References | 第71-75页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第75-77页 |
| Resume, publications and research achievements | 第77页 |
