| SUMMARY | 第10-12页 |
| 摘要 | 第14-19页 |
| Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION | 第19-33页 |
| 1.1 What is Climate Change? | 第19页 |
| 1.2 Climate change and adaptation | 第19-20页 |
| 1.3 The needs for adaptation | 第20-21页 |
| 1.4 Past, present and future global trends on GHG emissions | 第21-23页 |
| 1.5 Agriculture and climate change | 第23-25页 |
| 1.5.1 Food security and implication for GHG emissions | 第23-24页 |
| 1.5.2 Options for GHG mitigation | 第24-25页 |
| 1.5.3 Concept of mitigation and adaptation | 第25页 |
| 1.6 Factors affecting GHG emissions and their control measures | 第25-27页 |
| 1.6.1 Cultural practices | 第25-26页 |
| 1.6.2 Tillage and residue management | 第26-27页 |
| 1.6.3 Nutrient management | 第27页 |
| 1.6.4 Water management | 第27页 |
| 1.7 Climate change changes climate change | 第27-28页 |
| 1.8 Adaption of agriculture for climate change in China | 第28-31页 |
| 1.8.1 How Attractive to rainfed farming practices for mitigation | 第29-30页 |
| 1.8.2 Straw incorporation: a characteristic of optimized integrated farming | 第30-31页 |
| 1.8.3 Mitigation strategies from cropland in China | 第31页 |
| 1.9 Focus and aims of this dissertation | 第31-33页 |
| Chapter 2 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NITROGEN AND STRAW MANAGEMENT UNDERRAINFED WHEAT FIELD IN NORTHWEST CHINA | 第33-52页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第33-35页 |
| 2.2 Materials and Methods | 第35-40页 |
| 2.2.1 Study site description | 第35-37页 |
| 2.2.2 Experimental design and field management | 第37页 |
| 2.2.3 Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission measurements | 第37-39页 |
| 2.2.4 Estimation of Annual cumulative GHG emissions, NGHG and NGHGI | 第39页 |
| 2.2.5 Grain yield and N use efficiency | 第39-40页 |
| 2.2.6 Statistical Analysis | 第40页 |
| 2.3 Results and Discussion | 第40-51页 |
| 2.3.1 Nitrous oxide emissions | 第40-45页 |
| 2.3.2 Carbon dioxide emissions | 第45-46页 |
| 2.3.3 Methane emissions | 第46-49页 |
| 2.3.4 Grain yields, NGHG and GHGI | 第49-51页 |
| 2.4 Conclusion | 第51-52页 |
| Chapter 3 INFLUENTIAL FACTORS ON N_2O AND CH_4 EMISSIONS UNDER WINTER WHEAT – SUMMER FALLOW MONO-CROPPING SYSTEM INNORTHWEST CHINA | 第52-68页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第52-54页 |
| 3.2 Materials and Methods | 第54-56页 |
| 3.2.1 Experimental site | 第54-55页 |
| 3.2.2 Experimental design and treatment management | 第55-56页 |
| 3.2.3 Gas sampling and analysis | 第56页 |
| 3.2.4 Statistical analysis | 第56页 |
| 3.3 Results and Discussion | 第56-67页 |
| 3.3.1 Coupling effects of straw and nitrogen management on N_2O and CH_4 emissions | 第56-61页 |
| 3.3.2 Effects of different crop residues on N_2O and CH_4 emissions | 第61-63页 |
| 3.3.3 Effects of rates of wheat straw incorporation on N_2O and CH_4 emissions | 第63-65页 |
| 3.3.4 Effects of precipitation on N_2O and CH_4 emissions during CEP | 第65-67页 |
| 3.4 Conclusion | 第67-68页 |
| Chapter 4 EFFECTS OF STRAW AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER MANAGEMENTON SOIL MINERAL NITROGEN AND SOIL ORGANIC CARBON | 第68-84页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第68-69页 |
| 4.2 Materials and Methods | 第69-71页 |
| 4.2.1 Experimental site | 第69-70页 |
| 4.2.2 Treatment management | 第70页 |
| 4.2.3 Soil sampling and analysis | 第70页 |
| 4.2.4 Statistical analysis | 第70-71页 |
| 4.3 Results and discussion | 第71-82页 |
| 4.3.1 Soil water filled pore space percentage | 第71页 |
| 4.3.2 Availability of soil mineral N | 第71-77页 |
| 4.3.3 Soil organic carbon contents | 第77-82页 |
| 4.4 Conclusion | 第82-84页 |
| Chapter 5 RESEARCH ON CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR MITIGATION OFGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS UNDER RAINFED CROPLAND | 第84-97页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第84-86页 |
| 5.2 Materials and Methods | 第86-87页 |
| 5.2.1 Experimental site | 第86页 |
| 5.2.2 Treatment management | 第86-87页 |
| 5.2.3 Gas sampling and analysis | 第87页 |
| 5.2.4 Statistical analysis | 第87页 |
| 5.3 Results | 第87-92页 |
| 5.3.1 Fluxes of N2O emission from soil | 第87-89页 |
| 5.3.2 Soil CH4 uptakes | 第89-90页 |
| 5.3.3 NGHG emission and NGHGI | 第90-92页 |
| 5.4 Discussion | 第92-95页 |
| 5.4.1 Implications for cereal food production and greenhouse gas emissions underrainfed mono-cropping system in Northwest China | 第92页 |
| 5.4.2 Control techniques for net greenhouse gas intensity under Rainfed Cropland | 第92-95页 |
| 5.5 Conclusion | 第95-97页 |
| Chapter 6 GENERAL DISCUSSION | 第97-105页 |
| 6.1 Patterns of N_2O emissions from rainfed drylands | 第97-98页 |
| 6.2 Factors regulating N_2O emission under rainfed mono-cropping system | 第98-101页 |
| 6.2.1 Implications of environment | 第98-99页 |
| 6.2.2 Implications of straw and nitrogen management | 第99-100页 |
| 6.2.3 Implications of early straw incorporation before N fertilization | 第100-101页 |
| 6.2.4 Implications of types of crop residues | 第101页 |
| 6.3 Soil mineral N and SOC as affected by straw and N management | 第101-102页 |
| 6.4 Influences of straw and N fertilizer on grain yield and N use efficiency | 第102页 |
| 6.5 Adaptation of rainfed mono-cropping system to global warming | 第102-105页 |
| Chapter 7 OVERALL CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVE FOR FUTURE STUDY | 第105-107页 |
| REFERENCES | 第107-118页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第118-119页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第119-121页 |
| BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH | 第121页 |
