| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第7-8页 |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION | 第17-19页 |
| 1.1. General introduction and research objectives | 第17-18页 |
| 1.2. Research objectives | 第18页 |
| 1.3. Research hypothesis | 第18页 |
| 1.4. Scope and limitation of the study | 第18页 |
| 1.5. Expected results | 第18-19页 |
| CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW | 第19-35页 |
| 2.1. Alginate background | 第19-26页 |
| 2.1.1. Chemical structure | 第19-22页 |
| 2.1.2. Physical properties of alginate | 第22页 |
| 2.1.3. Solubility | 第22-23页 |
| 2.1.4. Selective ion binding | 第23-24页 |
| 2.1.5. Ionic cross-linking and Gel formation | 第24-25页 |
| 2.1.6. Application of alginate | 第25页 |
| 2.1.7. The use of alginate in the paper industry | 第25页 |
| 2.1.8. In the food industry | 第25-26页 |
| 2.2. Welding of rods application | 第26-28页 |
| 2.2.1. Alginate used as binders to fish feed | 第26-27页 |
| 2.2.2. Mould release agents | 第27页 |
| 2.2.3. Applications in biotechnology | 第27页 |
| 2.2.4. Use of alginate in the textile industry | 第27-28页 |
| 2.2.5. Alginate application in medical and pharmaceutical industry | 第28页 |
| 2.2.6. The use of alginate in water treatment | 第28页 |
| 2.3 Azotobacter vinelandii | 第28-31页 |
| 2.3.1 Alginate production by Azotobacter vinelandii | 第28-29页 |
| 2.3.2 Life cycle of Azotobacter | 第29-30页 |
| 2.3.3. Biological function of alginate in both producing bacterial species | 第30-31页 |
| 2.4. Effect of culture conditions on alginate production | 第31-35页 |
| 2.4.1. Carbon source | 第32页 |
| 2.4.2. p H condition | 第32页 |
| 2.4.3. Temperature | 第32-33页 |
| 2.4.4. Nitrogen source | 第33页 |
| 2.4.5. Effect of agitation | 第33页 |
| 2.4.6. Oxygen consumption | 第33-35页 |
| CHAPTER 3 BACTERIAL ALGINATE PRODUCTION AND EXTRACTION FROM AZOTOBACTER VINELANDII | 第35-54页 |
| 3.1. INTRODUCTION | 第35-36页 |
| 3.1.2. Aim | 第35页 |
| 3.1.3. Bacterial alginate production and extraction from Azotobacter vinelandii | 第35-36页 |
| 3.2. Materials and Methods | 第36-38页 |
| 3.2.1. Microorganism | 第36页 |
| 3.2.2. Materials | 第36页 |
| 3.2.3. Azotobacter vinelandii seed production culture media | 第36页 |
| 3.2.4. Sterilization and incubation of culture | 第36-37页 |
| 3.2.5. Inoculum preparation | 第37页 |
| 3.2.6. Bacterial alginate production media | 第37页 |
| 3.2.7. Bacterial alginate extraction | 第37页 |
| 3.2.8. Preparation of bacterial alginate for spectrophotometric determination | 第37-38页 |
| 3.2.9. Spectrophotometric condition for bacterial alginate determination | 第38页 |
| 3.3. Alginate standard curve construction | 第38-42页 |
| 3.3.1. Culture time for bacterial alginate production | 第38页 |
| 3.3.2. HPLC condition for alginate standard sample and bacterial alginate analysis | 第38-39页 |
| 3.3.3. Molecular weight determination of bacterial alginate from Azotobacter | 第39页 |
| 3.3.4. Hydrolysis of bacterial alginate for determining (G and M) | 第39-40页 |
| 3.3.5. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) condition | 第40页 |
| 3.3.6. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) condition | 第40-41页 |
| 3.3.7. Construction of guluronic / mannuronic (G and M) acid standard curve | 第41页 |
| 3.3.8. Results and discussion | 第41页 |
| 3.3.9. Bacterial alginate determination by spectrophotometric determination | 第41-42页 |
| 3.4. Alginate standard sample standard linear curve | 第42-54页 |
| 3.4.1. Result of incubation time experiment for bacterial alginate production | 第42-44页 |
| 3.4.2. Results of HPLC analysis of alginate standard sample & bacterial alginate | 第44页 |
| 3.4.3. Result of the relative molecular weight determination of bacterial alginate | 第44-46页 |
| 3.4.4. HPLC results of alginate standard sample & bacterial alginate sample after hydrolysis | 第46-47页 |
| 3.4.5. TLC result of standard sample of (G and M), alginate standard sample and the bacterial alginate sample after hydrolysis | 第47-48页 |
| 3.4.6. Results of UPLC-MS analysis of hydrolyzed bacterial alginate sample | 第48-50页 |
| 3.4.7. Construction of standard curves for β-D-mannuronic and α-L-guluronic acid | 第50-51页 |
| 3.4.8. Discussion | 第51-53页 |
| 3.4.9. Conclusion | 第53-54页 |
| CHAPTER 4 ELICITATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL GLYCEOLLIN BY BACTERIAL ALGINATE EXTRACTED FROM AZOTOBACTER VINELANDII | 第54-74页 |
| 4.1. Introduction | 第54-55页 |
| 4.2. Experimental materials and methods | 第55-56页 |
| 4.2.1. Materials | 第55页 |
| 4.2.2. Chemicals | 第55-56页 |
| 4.2.3. Bacterial alginate elicitor produced by Azotobacter vinelandii | 第56页 |
| 4.3. Methods | 第56-58页 |
| 4.3.1. Elicitation activities | 第56页 |
| 4.3.2. Preparation of glyceollin for High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC) analysis | 第56-57页 |
| 4.3.3. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography- | 第57页 |
| 4.3.4. Optimal condition activities | 第57页 |
| 4.3.5. Effect of elicitor’s concentration upon glyceollin accumulation | 第57-58页 |
| 4.3.6. Effect of temperature upon glyceollin accumulation | 第58页 |
| 4.3.7. Effect of moisture upon glyceollin accumulation | 第58页 |
| 4.3.8. Effect of soak time upon glyceollin accumulation | 第58页 |
| 4.3.9. Effect of time course upon glyceollin accumulation in soybean seeds | 第58页 |
| 4.4. Statistical Analysis | 第58-59页 |
| 4.5. Results | 第59-70页 |
| 4.5.1. Construction of linear curve for glyceollin | 第61-62页 |
| 4.5.2. Result of elicitor’s concentration effect upon glyceollin induction | 第62-63页 |
| 4.5.3. Result of temperature effect in the accumulation of glyceollin | 第63页 |
| 4.5.4. Result of moisture effect in the accumulation of glyceollin | 第63-64页 |
| 4.5.5. Result of soak time effect upon glyceollin accumulation | 第64-65页 |
| 4.5.6. Result of time course effect in the accumulation of glyceollin | 第65-67页 |
| 4.5.7. Quantitation of phytochemical glyceollins | 第67-68页 |
| 4.5.8. Results of UPLC-MS analysis of glyceollin elicited by bacterial alginate | 第68-69页 |
| 4.5.9. Result of electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) mass spectrometry | 第69-70页 |
| 4.6. Comparative results obtained for A. oryzae and bacterial alginate elicitors | 第70-74页 |
| CHAPTER 5 | 第74-79页 |
| 5.1. Comprehensive summary and discussion | 第74-78页 |
| 5.2. Conclusion and recommendation | 第78-79页 |
| REFERENCES | 第79-91页 |
| APPENDIX I | 第91-92页 |
| APPENDIX II | 第92-93页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第93-94页 |
| RESUME | 第94-96页 |
