| 中文摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第7页 |
| 摘要 | 第10-15页 |
| INTRODUCTION | 第15-77页 |
| Ⅰ.WHAT ARE MICROSPORIDIA? | 第18-29页 |
| Ⅰ.1.Microsporidia are diverse and important parasites | 第18-19页 |
| Ⅰ.2.Origin of microsporidia | 第19-21页 |
| Ⅰ.3.Structure and life cycles of microsporidia | 第21-25页 |
| Ⅰ.3.1.Spore structure | 第21-24页 |
| Ⅰ.3.2.Life cycles | 第24-25页 |
| Ⅰ.4.The five clades in microsporidia | 第25-29页 |
| Ⅱ.CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS AND OTHER RELATED NEMATODES | 第29-59页 |
| Ⅱ.1.Natural history of C. elegans | 第29-41页 |
| Ⅱ.1.1.Natural habitat | 第29-31页 |
| Ⅱ.1.2.Sex and reproduction | 第31-32页 |
| Ⅱ.1.3.Life cycle and development | 第32-35页 |
| Ⅱ.1.3.1.Embryonic stage | 第33-34页 |
| Ⅱ.1.3.2.Post-embryonic stage | 第34-35页 |
| Ⅱ.1.4.Basic anatomy of C. elegans | 第35-39页 |
| Ⅱ.1.4.1.The alimentary system | 第36-39页 |
| Ⅱ.1.5.A model organism in the wild | 第39-41页 |
| Ⅱ.2.Other nematodes | 第41-48页 |
| Ⅱ.2.1.Free-living rhabditid nematodes | 第43-45页 |
| Ⅱ.2.2.The Caenorhabditis genus | 第45-47页 |
| Ⅱ.2.3.Oscheius tipulae | 第47-48页 |
| Ⅱ.3.Interactions of C. elegans with diverse microorganisms | 第48-59页 |
| Ⅱ.3.1.The interaction of C. elegans with non-pathogenic microbes | 第49-50页 |
| Ⅱ.3.2.The interaction of C. elegans with its pathogens | 第50-59页 |
| Ⅱ.3.2.1.Defense of C. elegans against pathogens | 第52-54页 |
| Ⅱ.3.2.2.Leucobacter species | 第54-56页 |
| Ⅱ.3.2.3.Orsay virus | 第56-59页 |
| Ⅲ.MICROSPORIDIA INFECTIONS IN C. ELEGANSAND RELATED NEMATODES | 第59-75页 |
| Ⅲ.1.Nematocida parisii | 第60-73页 |
| Ⅲ.1.1.Life cycles of N. parisii and symptoms in the host | 第64-66页 |
| Ⅲ.1.2.Exit mechanism from C. elegans intestinal cells | 第66-70页 |
| Ⅲ.1.3.Defensive response of C. elegans to N. parisii | 第70-73页 |
| Ⅲ.2.Nematocida sp.1 | 第73页 |
| Ⅲ.3.Nematocida genomics | 第73-75页 |
| Ⅳ.THE BACKGROUND OF MY PHD THESIS | 第75-77页 |
| RESULTS | 第77-150页 |
| Ⅰ.A LARGE COLLECTION OF NOVEL NEMATODE-INFECTING MICROSPORIDIA AND THEIR DIVERSE INTERACTIONS WITH CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS AND OTHER RELATED NEMATODES | 第78-127页 |
| Ⅱ.Natural variation of Caenorhabditis elegans in | 第127-144页 |
| Ⅱ.1.Background | 第129-130页 |
| Ⅱ.2.Materials and Methods | 第130-133页 |
| Ⅱ.2.1.C.elegans and Microsporidia strains | 第130页 |
| Ⅱ.2.2.Food consumption assays | 第130-132页 |
| A.Infection and maintenance | 第130页 |
| B.Plate seeding, C. elegans transfer and fluorescence scan | 第130-131页 |
| C.Fluorescence intensity normalization | 第131-132页 |
| Ⅱ.2.3.Measurements of microsporidia infection by FISH | 第132页 |
| A.FISH measurements | 第132页 |
| B.Statistical analysis on FISH data | 第132页 |
| Ⅱ.2.4.Competition assays | 第132-133页 |
| A.Infection and competition | 第132-133页 |
| B.Allele quantification | 第133页 |
| Ⅱ.3.Results | 第133-143页 |
| Ⅱ.3.1.Natural variation of C.elegans population growth, in the presence or absence of N. ausubeli infection | 第133-139页 |
| Ⅱ.3.2.Host response of JU 1249 and JU2825 to infection by different microsporidia | 第139-142页 |
| Ⅱ.3.3.JU1249 outcompeted JU2825 when they were infected with microsporidia in laboratorycompetition assays | 第142-143页 |
| Ⅱ.4.Conclusion | 第143-144页 |
| Ⅲ The effect of microsporidia infection on | 第144-150页 |
| Ⅲ.1.Background | 第145-146页 |
| Ⅲ.2.Materials and Methods | 第146-147页 |
| Ⅲ.2.1. C. elegans and Microsporidia strains | 第146-147页 |
| Ⅲ.2.2. Mortal germline assay | 第147页 |
| Ⅲ.3.Results | 第147-150页 |
| DISCUSSION | 第150-171页 |
| Ⅰ.DIVERSE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RHABDITIDS AND MICROSPORIDIA | 第151-162页 |
| Ⅰ.1.The diversity of microsporidia infections in rhabditids | 第151页 |
| Ⅰ.2.How were these microsporidia species described? | 第151-155页 |
| Ⅰ.3.Various tissue tr opisms of rhabditid-infecting microsporidia | 第155页 |
| Ⅰ.4.Spread of microsporidia within the infected tissue | 第155-156页 |
| Ⅰ.5.Microsporidia exit mechanism from host intestinal cells | 第156-158页 |
| Ⅰ.6.The host specificity of various microsporidia | 第158-159页 |
| Ⅰ.7.Diversification of the nematode-infecting microsporidia | 第159-160页 |
| Ⅰ.8.An excellent system to study host pathogen interactions and coevolution | 第160-162页 |
| Ⅱ.NATURAL VARIATION OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS IN SENSITIVITY TO MICROSPORIDIAN INFECTION | 第162-170页 |
| Ⅱ.1.Intraspecific variation of C. elegans sensitivity to microsporidia infection | 第162-163页 |
| Ⅱ.2.Interesting pairs of C. elegans strains for further studies | 第163-164页 |
| Ⅱ.3.The different tolerance of JU1249 and JU2825 to microsporidia infection | 第164-166页 |
| Ⅱ.4.Future studies on the genetic basis of C. elegans sensitivity variation to microsporidia infection | 第166页 |
| Ⅱ.5.Other future directions | 第166-170页 |
| Ⅱ.5.1.Screening of other C. elegans strains | 第167页 |
| Ⅱ.5.2.Natural variation of C. briggsae in sensitivity to microsporidian infection | 第167页 |
| Ⅱ.5.3.Natural variation of Nematocida virulence to C. elegans | 第167-170页 |
| Ⅲ.THE SUPPRESSION EFFECT OF MICROSPORIDIA INFECTION ON THE PROGRESSIVE STERILITY IN C. ELEGANS | 第170-171页 |
| CONCLUSION | 第171-172页 |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 第172-184页 |
