Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
Abstract | 第5-7页 |
摘要 | 第7-9页 |
Chapter One Introduction | 第9-18页 |
·A General Introduction to John Steinbeck | 第9-12页 |
·Literature Review | 第12-16页 |
·Studies of The Grapes of Wrath Abroad | 第12-14页 |
·Studies of The Grapes of Wrath in China | 第14-16页 |
·Significance & Organization of the Thesis | 第16-18页 |
Chapter Two John Steinbeck and Ecocriticism | 第18-24页 |
·Ecocriticism | 第18-20页 |
·The Development of John Steinbeck's Ecoloical Consciousness | 第20-24页 |
·Influence of His Early Living Environment | 第20-21页 |
·The Impact of Edward Ricketts | 第21-23页 |
·The Influence of Transcendentalism | 第23-24页 |
Chapter Three The Ecological Crises Reflected in The Grapes of Wrath | 第24-39页 |
·The Crisis of Natural Ecology in The Grapes of Wrath | 第24-29页 |
·The Misuse and Commercialization of the Land | 第24-27页 |
·The Revenge from Nature | 第27-29页 |
·The Crisis of Social Ecology in The Grapes of Wrath | 第29-33页 |
·Conflicts Between Okies and Native Californians | 第29-32页 |
·Hostility Between Okies and Police Officers | 第32-33页 |
·The Crisis of Spiritual Ecology in The Grapes of Wrath | 第33-39页 |
·Spiritual Fragmentation | 第33-36页 |
·Domination of Individualism | 第36-39页 |
Chapter Four Solutions to the Crises | 第39-50页 |
·Being Close to Nature | 第39-42页 |
·Mutual Cooperation and Sharing | 第42-44页 |
·Conversion from Individualism to Collectivism | 第44-50页 |
Chapter Five Conclusion | 第50-52页 |
Works Cited | 第52-55页 |
Publications | 第55页 |