| Innovation Summary | 第5-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-9页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第9-11页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第16-35页 |
| 1.1 Background | 第16-23页 |
| 1.1.1 The problems of ballast water and invasive species | 第16-18页 |
| 1.1.2 Microalgae in ballast water | 第18-19页 |
| 1.1.3 Bacteria in ballast water | 第19页 |
| 1.1.4 Global response to ships ballast water issues | 第19-23页 |
| 1.2 Motivations, objectives and hypothesis | 第23-25页 |
| 1.3 Literature review of the detecting, testing, monitoring and analyzing methodsfor ships ballast water quality | 第25-32页 |
| 1.3.1 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | 第25-26页 |
| 1.3.2 Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) | 第26页 |
| 1.3.3 Pluse amplitude-modulation (PAM) method | 第26-27页 |
| 1.3.4 Flow cytometry Method | 第27-28页 |
| 1.3.5 Microscopy method | 第28-29页 |
| 1.3.6 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method | 第29页 |
| 1.3.7 Other potential analyzing methods | 第29-32页 |
| 1.4 Outlines of dissertation | 第32-35页 |
| Chapter 2 A novel electrokinetic microfluidic detector for evaluating the effectiveness ofdisinfection of microalgae in ships ballast water | 第35-64页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第35-37页 |
| 2.2 Preparation of sample solution | 第37-38页 |
| 2.2.1 Dunaliella salina isolation | 第37-38页 |
| 2.2.2 Titration of sodium hypochlorite solution (NaClO) | 第38页 |
| 2.3 Microfluidic chip technology | 第38-43页 |
| 2.3.1 Advantages of microfluidic chip compared to conventionaltechnologies | 第39-40页 |
| 2.3.2 Fabrication of microfluidic chip | 第40-43页 |
| 2.4 Theoretical applications | 第43-48页 |
| 2.4.1 Analysis of control by electroosmosis | 第44-47页 |
| 2.4.2 Analysis of control by electrophoresis | 第47页 |
| 2.4.3 Analysis of control by electrokinetic on a microfluidic chip | 第47-48页 |
| 2.5 Chlorophyll fluorescence-based activity assay | 第48-50页 |
| 2.5.1 The choice of excitation and emission spectrums for chlorophyll fluorescence | 第48-50页 |
| 2.5.2 Analysis of microalgae activity by chlorophyll fluorescence | 第50页 |
| 2.6 A novel detection system | 第50-56页 |
| 2.6.1 System structure | 第50-52页 |
| 2.6.2 Working principle | 第52-54页 |
| 2.6.3 Experimental procedures | 第54-56页 |
| 2.7 Results and Discussion | 第56-63页 |
| 2.7.1 Relative activity after different concentration on the same duration | 第56-58页 |
| 2.7.2 Relative activity after different treatment time | 第58-59页 |
| 2.7.3 Effect on D. salina through treatment with different concentrationNaClO at the same time | 第59-60页 |
| 2.7.4 Effect on D. salina activity through treatment at constantconcentration of sodium hypochlorite solution with different durations | 第60-63页 |
| 2.8 Conclusion | 第63-64页 |
| Chapter 3 An examination of the validity of MRPS method for the detection of label-free E.coliand Enterococci in ship's ballast water | 第64-92页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第64-66页 |
| 3.2 Sample preparations | 第66-71页 |
| 3.2.1 LB agar for E.coli and BHI agar for Enterococci | 第66-67页 |
| 3.2.2 Growing E.coli and Enterococci in agar plates | 第67-69页 |
| 3.2.3 Culturing E. coli and Enterococci | 第69页 |
| 3.2.4 Samples and spiking | 第69-71页 |
| 3.3 Theoretical applications | 第71-75页 |
| 3.3.1 Resistive pulse analysis | 第71-72页 |
| 3.3.2 The increase in electrical resistance by particle size | 第72-75页 |
| 3.3.3 The increase in electrical resistance by off-axis | 第75页 |
| 3.4 Microfluidic chip for detecting system | 第75-79页 |
| 3.4.1 Design of a microfluidic chip | 第75-76页 |
| 3.4.2 Microfluidic chip fabrication | 第76-79页 |
| 3.5 Microfluidic resistive pulse sensor (MRPS) detection system | 第79-83页 |
| 3.5.1 System structure | 第79-80页 |
| 3.5.2 Experimental procedure and working principle of MRPS detectionsystem | 第80-83页 |
| 3.6 Results and Discussion | 第83-91页 |
| 3.6.1 Effectiveness design results of MRPS system | 第83-84页 |
| 3.6.2 Examining the validity of MRPS detection system | 第84-87页 |
| 3.6.3 Detecting Escherichia Coli and Enterococci | 第87-90页 |
| 3.6.4 A comparison of results between conceptual model and experimentaloutcomes | 第90-91页 |
| 3.7 Conclusion | 第91-92页 |
| Chapter 4 A changeable lab-on-a-chip detector for marine nonindigenous microorganisms inship's ballast water | 第92-124页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第92-95页 |
| 4.2 Sample preparations | 第95-96页 |
| 4.2.1 Samples solution of microalgae | 第95-96页 |
| 4.2.2 Sample solution of bacteria | 第96页 |
| 4.3 Theoretical applications of fluorescence | 第96-100页 |
| 4.3.1 Excitaion and emission spectra | 第97-98页 |
| 4.3.2 Brightness | 第98页 |
| 4.3.3 Signal linearity | 第98-100页 |
| 4.3.4 Environmental effects | 第100页 |
| 4.4 Materials for detecting system | 第100-108页 |
| 4.4.1 Design of a microfluidic chip | 第100-102页 |
| 4.4.2 Fabrication of the microfluidic chip | 第102-103页 |
| 4.4.3 Fundamental materials for LED light induced fluorescence detection | 第103页 |
| 4.4.4 Design of excitation light source part and fluorescence collector part | 第103-108页 |
| 4.5 Changeable chip detector | 第108-112页 |
| 4.5.1 Overall design of detecting system | 第108-109页 |
| 4.5.2 Mechanical structure of a detecting box | 第109-110页 |
| 4.5.3 LED light induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LED-LICF) detectionprinciple | 第110-111页 |
| 4.5.4 Working procedures | 第111-112页 |
| 4.6 Results and Discussions | 第112-122页 |
| 4.6.1 Validity system tests with fluorescent particles | 第112-113页 |
| 4.6.2 Viable microorganisms tests | 第113-116页 |
| 4.6.3 Simultaneous microorganisms viable tests | 第116-119页 |
| 4.6.4 Bacteria and non-IMO microorganisms tests | 第119-122页 |
| 4.7 Conclusions | 第122-124页 |
| Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations | 第124-129页 |
| 5.1 Conclusions and discussions | 第124-126页 |
| 5.2 Recommendations | 第126-129页 |
| References | 第129-146页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第146-148页 |
| Academic Papers | 第148-149页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第149-150页 |
| Curriculum Vitae | 第150页 |
