| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第6-12页 |
| INTRODUCTION | 第12-18页 |
| CHAPTER ONE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF LETTER OF AND USE OF NEGOTIATION IN LETTER OF CREDIT TRANSACTION | 第18-89页 |
| AN OVERVIEW AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF LETTER OF CREDIT | 第18-21页 |
| DEVELOPMENT OF NEGOTIATION UNDER LETTER OF CREDIT LAW | 第21-33页 |
| ·NEGOTIATION OF BILLS OF EXCHANGE IN A LETTER OF CREDIT | 第23-26页 |
| ·NEGOTIATION UNDER THE UCP | 第26-33页 |
| 3. THE CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS ARISING UNDER A “NEGOTIATION” OF CREDIT | 第33-78页 |
| ·The Contractual Relationship between Buyer and Seller BUYER’S OBLIGATION TO OPEN A LETTER OF CREDIT | 第33-44页 |
| ·The Contractual Relationship between Buyer (“Applicant”) and Issui Bank | 第44-60页 |
| ·The Contractual Relationship between Issuing Bank and Selle (“Beneficiary”) | 第60-70页 |
| ·The Contractual Relationship between Issuing Bank and Nominated Bank | 第70-74页 |
| ·The Contractual Relationship between Nominated Bank and Beneficiary.. | 第74-78页 |
| METHOD OF PAYMENT –THE AVAILABILITY OF LETTER OF CREDIT | 第78-89页 |
| ·Available by Sight Payment and Deferred Payment | 第78-82页 |
| ·Available by Acceptance | 第82-86页 |
| ·Available by Negotiation | 第86-89页 |
| CHAPTER TWO NEGOTIATION OF LETTER OF CREDIT AND ITS PRINCIPLE OF LAW AND PRACTICE | 第89-104页 |
| 1. THE USE OF BILLS OF EXCHANGE IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE | 第89-91页 |
| 2. THE USE OF LETTERS OF CREDIT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE | 第91-95页 |
| 3. THE DEFINITION AND INTERPRETATION | 第95-104页 |
| ·Negotiation in the Law of Negotiable Instruments | 第95-98页 |
| ·Negotiation in Letters of Credit Law and Practice | 第98-104页 |
| CHAPTER THREE PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ARISING OUT “NEGOTIATION” | 第104-145页 |
| 1. BANKER’S PERCEPTION AND LEGAL INTERPRETATION | 第104-123页 |
| ·Negotiation versus Collection | 第104-114页 |
| ·Partial Negotiation | 第114-115页 |
| ·Packing Credit and Assignment of Proceeds | 第115-118页 |
| ·Transferable and Back-to-Back Letters of Credit | 第118-123页 |
| 2. EXPORT FINANCING BY THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS –NEGOTIATION VERSU DISCOUNTING, PREPAYMENT AND PAYMENT | 第123-133页 |
| ·Principle Methods of Trade Settlement | 第123-125页 |
| ·Post-Export Financing | 第125-127页 |
| ·Negotiation versus Discounting, Prepayment and Payment | 第127-133页 |
| 3. WITH OR WITHOUT RECOURSE TO THE BENEFICIARY | 第133-140页 |
| 4. TRUE NEGOTIATION | 第140-145页 |
| CHAPTER FOUR ROLE OF THE NOMINATED BANK AND CONFIRMING BANK | 第145-177页 |
| 1. PRACTICE AND LEGAL ASPECT | 第145-153页 |
| ·Who is a Nominated Bank? | 第145-147页 |
| ·Obligations and Rights of a Nominated Bank | 第147-153页 |
| 2. COMPLYING PRESENTATION VS NON-COMPLYING PRESENTATION | 第153-177页 |
| ·Complying Presentation | 第153-158页 |
| ·Bank Precluded from Claiming Non-Complying Presentation | 第158-177页 |
| CHAPTER FIVE FRAUD UNDER THE USE OF NEGOTIATION LETTER CREDIT | 第177-210页 |
| 1. AUTONOMY PRINCIPLE AND FRAUD EXCEPTION | 第177-188页 |
| 2. FRAUD AGAINST THE BANKS | 第188-195页 |
| 3. FRAUD AGAINST TRADERS | 第195-206页 |
| ·Fraud against the Buyers | 第195-200页 |
| ·Fraud against the Sellers | 第200-206页 |
| 4. MONEY LAUNDERING | 第206-210页 |
| CHAPTER SIX FUTURE APPROACH IN FINANCING THE LETTER CREDIT TRANSACTIONS | 第210-259页 |
| 1. BANKER AND CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP | 第210-218页 |
| 2. TRADE FINANCING SERVICES PROVIDED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS | 第218-230页 |
| ·Pre-shipment Financing for the Importers | 第218-222页 |
| ·Export Financing | 第222-230页 |
| 3. FUTURE APPROACH | 第230-240页 |
| ·Open Account Settlements | 第230-232页 |
| ·Bank Payment Obligation (BPO) by SWIFT | 第232-235页 |
| ·Letters of Credit | 第235-238页 |
| ·The Use of Electronic Data Interchange (Electronic Presentation) | 第238-240页 |
| 4. SIGHT PAYMENT VERSUS NEGOTIATION | 第240-247页 |
| 5. DEFERRED PAYMENT VERSUS ACCEPTANCE | 第247-252页 |
| 6. THE NEXT REVISION OF UCP | 第252-259页 |
| CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSION | 第259-263页 |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 第263-266页 |
