| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第1-15页 |
| Abstract | 第15-17页 |
| 摘要 | 第17-18页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅰ Introduction | 第18-21页 |
| ·Research problem | 第18-19页 |
| ·Research objectives | 第19-21页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅱ Literature Review | 第21-50页 |
| ·Cadmium | 第21-31页 |
| ·Enhancement of cadmium uptake by plants | 第23-27页 |
| ·Plant factors influencing cadmium absorption by plants | 第27-29页 |
| ·Risk assessment of Cd | 第29-31页 |
| ·Chromium | 第31-36页 |
| ·Chromium concentration in the environment | 第33页 |
| ·Enhancement of Cr uptake by plants in the soil | 第33-34页 |
| ·Consequences of Cr as an environmental contaminant | 第34-35页 |
| ·Consequences of Cr toxicity in human being | 第35-36页 |
| ·Consequences of Cr toxicity in plants | 第36页 |
| ·Lead | 第36-39页 |
| ·Level of Pb in the environment | 第37页 |
| ·Soil factors influencing Pb accumulation by plants | 第37-38页 |
| ·Why is lead a problem in human | 第38页 |
| ·Why is lead a problem in plants | 第38-39页 |
| ·Role of enzymes activities in plants exposed to heavy metal toxicity | 第39-43页 |
| ·Phytoremediation | 第43-46页 |
| ·Hyper accumulators | 第46-47页 |
| ·Limitations | 第47页 |
| ·Typha angustifolia | 第47-49页 |
| ·Summay | 第49-50页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ Effects of Cadmium,Chromium and Lead on Growth,Metal Uptake and Antioxidative Capacity in Typha angustifolia | 第50-68页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第52-55页 |
| ·Plant materials and treatments | 第52-53页 |
| ·Measurements of plant height,dry weight,and metal concentration | 第53页 |
| ·Assay of MDA content and antioxidative enzyme activities | 第53-54页 |
| ·Determination of GSH,cysteine and phytochelatin(PCs)contents | 第54-55页 |
| ·Statistic analysis | 第55页 |
| ·Results | 第55-65页 |
| ·Effects of Cr, Cd and Pb on plant height and biomass of T. angustifolia | 第55-57页 |
| ·Effect of Cr, Cd and Pb on tissue metal concentration of T. angustifolia | 第57-58页 |
| ·Correlations among the eight elements | 第58-60页 |
| ·Effect of Cr, Cd and Pb stress on lipid peroxidation | 第60-61页 |
| ·Effect of Cr, Cd and Pb stress on antioxidant enzyme activities | 第61-64页 |
| ·Effect of Cr, Cd and Pb stress on free cysteine, GSH and PCs contents | 第64-65页 |
| ·Discussion | 第65-68页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ Comparative proteomic analysis of Typha angustifolia leaf under chromium, cadmium and lead stress | 第68-89页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第70-73页 |
| ·Plant materials and Cr, Cd and Pb stress treatments | 第70页 |
| ·Protein extraction and quantification | 第70-71页 |
| ·Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis | 第71页 |
| ·Protein visualization, image analysis, quantification and MALDI-TOF-TOF MS | 第71-72页 |
| ·Peptide and protein identification by database search | 第72-73页 |
| ·Results | 第73-84页 |
| ·2-DE analysis of shoot proteins in Cr, Cd or Pb-stressed T. angustifolia | 第73-76页 |
| ·MALDI-TOF-TOF MS analysis and identification of differentially expressed proteins by Cr, Cd and Pb stress | 第76-84页 |
| ·Discussion | 第84-88页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第88-89页 |
| Chapter Ⅴ Effects of Cr, Cd, and Pb on ultrastructure in Typha angustifolia | 第89-95页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第90-91页 |
| ·Plant materials and treatments | 第90页 |
| ·Sampling and measurements | 第90-91页 |
| ·Investigation of leaf and root ultrastructure | 第91页 |
| ·Results and analyses | 第91-93页 |
| ·Transmission electron microscopy | 第91-93页 |
| ·Discussion | 第93-95页 |
| References | 第95-113页 |
| List of publications | 第113页 |
