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Study on Rapid Non-Destructive Inspection of Apples Quality by NIR Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Imaging Technique

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第6-8页
Abstract第8-12页
Table of contents第13-19页
List of Tables第19-20页
listof Figures第20-24页
CHAPTER 1 Introduction第24-33页
CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES第33-35页
CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE第35-90页
    3.1 Assuring food safety and quality第35-36页
    3.2 Quality factors第36-38页
        3.2.1 Appearance (visual) quality factor第37页
        3.2.2 Textural (feel) quality factor第37页
        3.2.3 Flavour (eating) quality factor第37-38页
    3.3 Apple (Malus Domestica Borkh) and its quality第38-45页
        3.3.1 Quality properties of apple第38-39页
        3.3.2 Affecting factors on quality of apple第39-41页
        3.3.3 Apple's bruises, firmness and sugar content第41-45页
            3.3.3.1 Bruises第42页
            3.3.3.2 Firmness第42-44页
            3.3.3.3 Sugar content第44-45页
    3.4 Making the grade and apple grading第45-47页
    3.5 Non-destructive detection technique to certify safety and quality of fresh products第47-49页
    3.6 Machine vision system第49-51页
        3.6.1 Overview of machine vision system第49-51页
        3.6.2 Contributions of machine vision in this research第51页
    3.7 Near infrared spectroscopy technique第51-61页
        3.7.1 Overview of near infrared spectroscopy第51-53页
        3.7.2 Principle of near infrared spectroscopy第53-57页
        3.7.3 Application of near infrared technology to quality evaluation of fruits and vegetables第57-61页
    3.8 Hyperspectral imaging techniques第61-67页
        3.8.1 Overview of hyperspectral imaging technique第61-62页
        3.8.2 Principle of hyperspectral imaging technique第62-63页
        3.8.3 Components of hyperspectral imaging system第63-64页
        3.8.4 Advantages and disadvantages第64-65页
        3.8.5 Optimal band selection and combinations第65-66页
        3.8.6 Application of hyperspectral imaging to food quality & safety第66页
        3.8.7 The limitations of hyperspectral imaging technique第66-67页
    3.9 Quality evaluation of fruits and vegetables using machine vision, NIR spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging technique第67-73页
        3.9.1 Machine vision第67-68页
        3.9.2 NIR spectroscopy第68-70页
        3.9.3 Hyperspectral imaging technique第70-73页
    3.10 Multivariate statistical methods for imaging and NIRS analysis第73-78页
        3.10.1 Typical of multivariate calibration methods第74-76页
            3.10.1.1 Principle component analysis (PCA)第74-75页
            3.10.1.2 Partial least square (PLS)第75-76页
        3.10.2 Wavelength selection第76-77页
        3.10.3 Pattern recognition classification第77-78页
    REFERENCE第78-90页
CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION FT-NIR SPECTROSCOPY TO PREDICT SIMULTANEOUSLY SUGAR CONTENT AND FIRMNESS OF "FUJI" APPLES第90-107页
    4.1 Introduction第90-92页
    4.2 Materials and methods第92-97页
        4.2.1 Apple fruit samples第92-93页
        4.2.2 Spectral data acquisition第93-94页
        4.2.3 Reference measurements第94-95页
        4.2.4 Spectral preprocessing methods第95-96页
        4.2.5 Software第96-97页
    4.3 Results and discussions第97-103页
        4.3.1 Quantitative analysis of the PLS model第97-99页
        4.3.2 Sugar content第99-101页
        4.3.3 Fruit firmness第101-103页
    4.4 Conclusion第103-104页
    References第104-107页
CHAPTER 5 DETERMINATION OF SUGAR CONTENT AND FRUIT FIRMNESS IN "FUJI" APPLES USING FT-NIR SPECTROSCOPY & DIFFERENT PLS ALGORITHMS第107-138页
    5.1 Introduction第107-109页
    5.2 Materials and methods第109-113页
        5.2.1 Sample preparation第109-110页
        5.2.2 Spectra collection第110-111页
        5.2.3 Destructive detection methods第111-112页
        5.2.4 Spectral preprocessing第112-113页
        5.2.5 Software第113页
    5.3 Results and discussions第113-134页
        5.3.1 Calibration of models第113-115页
        5.3.2 Sugar content第115-125页
            5.3.2.1 Results of PLS model第115-117页
            5.3.2.2 Results of iPLS model第117-121页
            5.3.2.3 Results of siPLS model第121-124页
            5.3.2.4 Discussion: The results of sugar content第124-125页
        5.3.3 Fruit firmness第125-134页
            5.3.3.1 Results of PLS model第125-127页
            5.3.3.2 Results of iPLS model第127-130页
            5.3.3.3 Results of siPLS model第130-133页
            5.3.3.4 Discussion: The results of fruit firmness第133-134页
    5.4 Conclusions第134页
    References第134-138页
CHAPTER 6 APPLICATION OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING TO DETECT BRUISES ON "FUJI" APPLES第138-151页
    6.1 Introduction第138-139页
    6.2 Principal of hyperspectral imaging第139-140页
    6.3 Materials and methods第140-143页
        6.3.1 Sample preparation第140页
        6.3.2 Hyperspectral image acquisition system第140-142页
        6.3.3 Image capture and calibration process第142-143页
    6.4 Results and discussions第143-147页
        6.4.1 Principal component analysis (PCA)第144-145页
        6.4.2 Selection of optimal wavebands第145页
        6.4.3 Asymmetric second different (ASD) and feature extraction第145-146页
        6.4.4 Bruise detection results第146-147页
    6.5 Conclusion第147-148页
    Reference第148-151页
CHAPTER 7 NONDESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT OF SUGAR CONTENT AND FRUIT FIRMNESS FOR APPLES USING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING TECHNIQUE第151-170页
    7.1 Introduction第151-153页
    7.2 Materials and methods第153-159页
        7.2.1 Sample preparation第153-154页
        7.2.2 Hyperspectral imaging system and data acquisition第154-156页
        7.2.3 Hyperspectral imaging data processing第156-157页
        7.2.4 Reference measurements第157页
        7.2.5 Spectral preprocessing analysis第157-159页
        7.2.6 Software第159页
    7.3 Results and discussions第159-166页
        7.3.1 Quantitative analysis of the PLS models第159-161页
        7.3.2 Sugar content第161-163页
        7.3.3 Fruit firmness第163-166页
    7.4 Conclusion第166-167页
    References第167-170页
CHAPTER 8 GENERAL CONCLUSION第170-174页
    8.1 NIR spectroscopy第170-171页
    8.2 Hyperspectral imaging technique第171-174页
RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS DURING THE Ph.D.第174-175页
AWARDS WON DURING THE Ph.D.第175-176页
APPENDIX第176-180页
    Appendix A Table of sugar content of apple fruit sample in the year 2007第177-179页
    Appendix B Table of fruit firmness of apple fruit sample in the year 2007第179-180页

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