| Abstract | 第5-6页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第7-10页 |
| Abbreviations/Acronyms | 第10-12页 |
| Chapter 1 Reviews: MicroRNAs, and Gene Regulatory Network in Callipyge Hypertrophied Muscles | 第12-52页 |
| 1. Skeletal muscle | 第14-23页 |
| 1.1 Anatomy of skeletal muscle | 第14-17页 |
| 1.1.1 Gross anatomy of skeletal muscle: muscle fibers, connective tissues, blood vesselsand nerves | 第14-16页 |
| 1.1.2 Micro-anatomy of skeletal muscle: structure of muscle fibers | 第16-17页 |
| 1.2 Muscle fiber types | 第17-19页 |
| 1.3 Skeletal muscle growth | 第19-22页 |
| 1.3.1 Prenatal muscle development | 第19-21页 |
| 1.3.2 Postnatal muscle growth | 第21-22页 |
| 1.4 Muscle hypertrophy | 第22-23页 |
| 2. Callipyge sheep and polar overdominance | 第23-32页 |
| 2.1 Callipyge phenotype | 第24-25页 |
| 2.2 Polar Overdominance | 第25-26页 |
| 2.3 CLPG locus and DLK1-Dio3 imprinting region | 第26-28页 |
| 2.4 Genes contributing to muscle hypertrophy in callipyge sheep | 第28-30页 |
| 2.5 DLK1 (Protein delta homolog 1) | 第30-32页 |
| 3. microRNAs, a new player in skeletal muscle development | 第32-38页 |
| 3.1 microNRAs and gene regulation | 第32-34页 |
| 3.2 microRNAs in muscle development and muscle disease | 第34-36页 |
| 3.3 mir-379-410 cluster | 第36-38页 |
| Reference | 第38-52页 |
| Chapter 2 Ablation of miRNA 379 Cluster Leads to a Callipyge-like Phenotype in Mice | 第52-90页 |
| 1. Abstract | 第54页 |
| 2. Introduction | 第54-56页 |
| 3. Materials and Methods | 第56-62页 |
| 3.1 Generation of Mir379-544 cluster null mice | 第56页 |
| 3.2 Genotyping analysis of mir379-544 cluster null mice | 第56-57页 |
| 3.3 Cardiotoxin intramuscular injection protocol | 第57页 |
| 3.4 Southern blot analysis | 第57-58页 |
| 3.5 Phenotypic measures | 第58页 |
| 3.6 The open field test | 第58页 |
| 3.7 Grip strength | 第58页 |
| 3.8 Evaluation of Exercise Performance | 第58页 |
| 3.9 Locomoter activity and Metabolic Measurement | 第58-59页 |
| 3.10 Whole Muscle Sections and H.E. Staining | 第59页 |
| 3.11 Fiber type staining | 第59页 |
| 3.12 Fat deposition analysis | 第59页 |
| 3.13 RNA Isolation and Quantitative PCR Analysis | 第59-60页 |
| 3.14 Western blot analysis | 第60-61页 |
| 3.15 Luciferase assays | 第61页 |
| 3.16 Cell culture and miRNA mimic or inhibitor transfection | 第61-62页 |
| 3.17 Statistical analysis | 第62页 |
| 4. Results | 第62-83页 |
| 4.1 Featured expression of mir-379-544 cluster in postnatal skeletal muscle | 第62-64页 |
| 4.2 Ablated expression of miR379-544 cluster in mice | 第64-67页 |
| 4.3 Normal body size, locomotor activity, muscle function and energy expenditure of mir-379-544 cluster null mice at adult stage | 第67-73页 |
| 4.4 Atrophied soleus muscle without changes of muscle fiber switch in adult KO mice | 第73-76页 |
| 4.5 Maternal deletion of mir-379-544 cluster leads to fast muscle hypertrophy in neonatal mice | 第76-78页 |
| 4.6 Expression of Delta-like 1 protein is enhanced maternally in neonatal mice with deletion ofmir-379 cluster | 第78-80页 |
| 4.7 mir-379-544 cluster act as a cis regulator of nearby maternal expressed genes | 第80-81页 |
| 4.8 Mir-329 in mir-379-544 cluster targets DLK1 expression | 第81-83页 |
| 5. Discussion | 第83-87页 |
| 6. Reference | 第87-90页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第90-92页 |
| Publications | 第92-94页 |
