| DEDICATION | 第4-5页 |
| DECLARATION | 第5-6页 |
| CERTIFICATION | 第6-7页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 第7-8页 |
| 英文摘要 | 第8页 |
| REVIEW OF LITERATURE | 第18-34页 |
| A． 1 PHOTODEGRADATION STUDY IN WATER | 第18-20页 |
| A． 2 PHOTODEGRADATION STUDY ON SOIL | 第20-22页 |
| A． 3 PHOTODEGRADATION STUDY ON PLANT | 第22-25页 |
| A． 4 PHOTODEGRADATION STUDY ON GLASS | 第25-26页 |
| A． 5 PHOTODEGRADATION STUDY ON THE PRESENCE OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES | 第26-27页 |
| A． 6 PHOTODEGRADATION STUDY AND INTERACTION BETWEEN PESTICIDES | 第27-28页 |
| A． 7 PHOTOCATALYSIS STUDY OF PESTICIDES | 第28-31页 |
| REFERENCE | 第31-34页 |
| CHAPTER ONE: BACK GROUND INFORMATION | 第34-43页 |
| 1 CHLORPYRIFOS | 第34-39页 |
| 1． 1 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE | 第34-36页 |
| 1． 1． 1 Breakdown of Chemical in Soil and Groundwater | 第34-35页 |
| 1． 1． 2 Breakdown of Chemical in Water | 第35-36页 |
| 1． 1． 3 Breakdown of Chemical in Vegetation | 第36页 |
| 1． 2 FATE IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS | 第36页 |
| 1． 3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND GUIDELINES | 第36页 |
| 1． 4 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES | 第36-39页 |
| 2 PHOTODEGRADATION | 第39-41页 |
| 2． 1 DIRECT PHOTOLYSlS | 第39页 |
| 2． 2 INDIRECT PHOTOLYSIS | 第39页 |
| 2． 3 LABORATORY LIGHT SYSTEM | 第39-40页 |
| 2． 4 ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION | 第40-41页 |
| REFERENCES | 第41-43页 |
| CHAPTER TWO: THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS IN DIFFERENT WATERS | 第43-75页 |
| INTRODUCTION | 第43-44页 |
| 2． 1 MATERIALS AND METHOD | 第44-48页 |
| 2． 1． 1 Reagents | 第44页 |
| 2． 1． 2 Collection of waters | 第44页 |
| 2． 1． 3 The preparation of buffer solution | 第44页 |
| 2． 1． 4 Light source | 第44-45页 |
| 2． 1． 5 Photolytic procedure | 第45页 |
| 2． 1． 6 Analysis of water | 第45页 |
| 2． 1． 7 Estimation of chlorpyrifos residues | 第45页 |
| 2． 1． 8 Degree of accuracy, degree of precision, linearity and sensitivity | 第45-46页 |
| 2． 1． 8． 1 Recovery test | 第45页 |
| 2． 1． 8． 2 Degree of precision | 第45-46页 |
| 2． 1． 8． 3 Linearity | 第46页 |
| 2． 1． 8． 4 Sensitivity of the method | 第46页 |
| 2． 1． 9 Identifying the photoproducts | 第46-47页 |
| 2． 1． 10 Calculation | 第47-48页 |
| 2． 2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第48-72页 |
| 2． 2． 1 Rat of degradation of chlorpyrifos in different water under UV-254 source | 第48页 |
| 2． 2． 2 Rat of degradation of chlorpyrifos in different water under UV-365 source | 第48-49页 |
| 2． 2． 3 Rat of degradation of chlorpyrifos in different water under VIS source | 第49-50页 |
| 2． 2． 4 Variation of waters and the effects of different light sources | 第50-56页 |
| 2． 2． 5 Degradation products | 第56-72页 |
| REFERENCES | 第72-75页 |
| CHAPTER THREE: PHOTODEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS IN DIFFERENT SOILS AND GLASS | 第75-91页 |
| INTRODUCTION | 第75页 |
| 3． 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第75-81页 |
| 3． 1． 1 Reagents | 第75-76页 |
| 3． 1． 2 Photolysis | 第76页 |
| 3． 1． 3 Estimation of chlorpyrifos residues in soil | 第76-77页 |
| 3． 1． 4 Analysis of soil | 第77页 |
| 3． 1． 5 Degree of accuracy, degree of precision, linearity and sensitivity | 第77-78页 |
| 3． 1． 5． 1 Recovery test | 第77页 |
| 3． 1． 5． 2 Degree of precision | 第77页 |
| 3． 1． 5． 3 Linearity | 第77页 |
| 3． 1． 5． 4 Sensitivity of the method | 第77页 |
| 3． 1． 5． 5 Calculations | 第77-78页 |
| 3． 1． 6 Collection of Soils | 第78-81页 |
| 3． 2 RESULT AND DISCUSSION | 第81-89页 |
| 3． 2． 1 The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos under UF-254 | 第81页 |
| 3． 2． 2 The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos under UV-365 | 第81-82页 |
| 3． 2． 3 The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos under VIS | 第82-83页 |
| 3． 2． 4 Photolysis without soil | 第83页 |
| 3． 2． 5 Variatiorn of soil textures and efficiency of different light sources | 第83-87页 |
| 3． 2． 6 Degradation products | 第87-89页 |
| REFERENCES | 第89-91页 |
| CHAPTER FOUR: PHOTODEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS ON PLANT | 第91-100页 |
| INTRODUCTION | 第91-92页 |
| 4． 1 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS | 第92-95页 |
| 4． 1． 1 Materials | 第92页 |
| 4． 1． 2 Chromatography | 第92页 |
| 4． 1． 3 Spectrometric analyses | 第92-93页 |
| 4． 1． 4 Degree of accuracy, degree of precision, sensitivity and linearity | 第93页 |
| 4． 1． 4． 1 Recovery test | 第93页 |
| 4． 1． 4． 2 Degree of precision | 第93页 |
| 4． 1． 4．3 Sensitivity of the method | 第93页 |
| 4． 1． 4． 4 Linearity | 第93页 |
| 4． 1． 4． 5 Calculation | 第93页 |
| 4． 1． 5 Photochemical procedure | 第93-94页 |
| 4． 1． 6 Rate of photodegradation of chlorpyrifos on a leaf surface | 第94页 |
| 4． 1． 7 Rate of photodegradation of chlorpyrifos in leaf extracts | 第94-95页 |
| 4． 1． 8 Analysis of leaf surface samples | 第95页 |
| 4． 1． 9 Analysis of leaf extract | 第95页 |
| 4． 2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第95-99页 |
| 4． 2． 1 Recovery studies | 第95页 |
| 4． 2． 2 The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos on leaf surface under various lights | 第95-96页 |
| 4． 2． 3 The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos on leaf extract under various lights | 第96-97页 |
| 4． 2． 4 The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos on diluted leaf extract | 第97-98页 |
| 4． 2． 5 Degradation products | 第98-99页 |
| REFERENCE | 第99-100页 |
| CHAPTER FIVE: THE EFFECT OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS | 第100-122页 |
| INTRODUCTION | 第100-101页 |
| 5． 1 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION | 第101-114页 |
| 5． 1． 1 Reagents | 第101页 |
| 5． 1． 2 Extraction, separation and estimation of humic substances | 第101页 |
| 5． 1． 3 Light source | 第101页 |
| 5． 1． 4 Method | 第101-102页 |
| 5． 1． 5 Analysis of water | 第102页 |
| 5． 1． 6 Estimation of chlorpyrifos residues | 第102页 |
| 5． 1． 7 Recovery test | 第102页 |
| 5． 1． 8 Degree of precision | 第102-103页 |
| 5． 1． 9 Linearity | 第103页 |
| 5． 1． 10 Sensitivity of the method | 第103页 |
| 5． 1． 11 Identifying the photoproducts | 第103页 |
| 5． 1． 12 Calculation | 第103-114页 |
| 5． 2 RESULTS | 第114-116页 |
| 5． 2． 1 The effects of humic acid on the photolysis of chlorpyrifos in water under UV-254 lamp | 第114页 |
| 5． 2． 2 The effects of humic acid on the photolysis of chlorpyrifos in water under UV-365 lamp | 第114页 |
| 5． 2． 3 The effects of humic acid on the photolysis of chlorpyrifos in water under VIS and SL lamps | 第114页 |
| 5． 2． 4 The effects of fulvic acid on the photolysis of chlorpyrifos in water under UV-254 lamp | 第114-115页 |
| 5． 2． 5 The effects of fulvic acid on the photolysis of chlorpyrifos in water under UV-365 lamp | 第115页 |
| 5． 2． 6 The effects of fulvic acid on the photolysis of chlorpyrifos in water under VIS and SL lamps | 第115页 |
| 5． 2． 7 The companied effects of fulvic acid and humic acid on the photolysis of chlorpyrifos in water under UV-254 | 第115页 |
| 5． 2． 8 The companied effects of fulvic acid and humic acid on the photolysis of chlorpyrifos in water under UV-365 | 第115-116页 |
| 5． 2． 9 The companied effects of fulvic acid and humic acid on the photolysis of chlorpyrifos in water under VIS and SL source | 第116页 |
| 5． 3 DISCUSSION | 第116-118页 |
| REFERENCE | 第118-122页 |
| CHAPTER SIX: THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PESTICIDES IN THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS | 第122-131页 |
| INTRODUCTION | 第122页 |
| 6． 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第122-124页 |
| 6． 1． 1 Standards and reagents | 第122-123页 |
| 6． 1． 2 Light sources | 第123页 |
| 6． 1． 3 Photolytic procedures | 第123页 |
| 6． 1． 4 Estimation of chlorpyrifos residues in soil | 第123-124页 |
| 6． 1． 5 Analysis of soil | 第124页 |
| 6． 1． 5． 1 Recovery test | 第124页 |
| 6． 1． 5． 2 Degree of precision | 第124页 |
| 6． 1． 5． 3 Linearity | 第124页 |
| 6． 1． 5． 4 Sensitivity of the method | 第124页 |
| 6． 1． 6 Calculation | 第124页 |
| 6． 2 RESULTS | 第124-125页 |
| 6． 2． 1 Effects of seven organophosphorus pesticides on the photolytic rate of chlorpyrifos | 第124页 |
| 6． 2． 2 Effects of six pyrethroid insecticide on the photolytic rate of chlorpyrifos | 第124-125页 |
| 6． 3 DISCUSSION | 第125-128页 |
| REFERENCES | 第128-131页 |
| CHAPTER SEVEN: THE EFFECT OF SOME PHOTOSENSITIZERS ON THE PHOTODEGRADATOIN OF CHLORPYRIFOS | 第131-144页 |
| INTRODUCTION | 第131-132页 |
| 7． 1 MATERIALS AND METHOD | 第132-133页 |
| 7． 1． 1 Reagents | 第132页 |
| 7． 1． 2 Light source | 第132页 |
| 7． 1． 3 Photolytic procedure | 第132页 |
| 7． 1． 4 Analysis of water | 第132页 |
| 7． 1． 5 Estimation of chlorpyrifos residues | 第132-133页 |
| 7． 1． 6 Recovery test | 第133页 |
| 7． 1． 7 Degree of precision | 第133页 |
| 7． 1． 8 Linearity | 第133页 |
| 7． 1． 9 Sensitivity of the method | 第133页 |
| 7． 1． 10 Identifying the photoproducts | 第133页 |
| 7． 1． 11 Calculation | 第133页 |
| 7． 2 RESULTS | 第133-138页 |
| 7． 2． 1 The effects of different chemicals 0．1%, acetone 1% on the photolytic rate of chlorpyrifos under UV-245 | 第133-135页 |
| 7． 2． 2 The effects of different chemicals 0．01%, acetone 1% on the photolytic rate of chlorpyrifos under UV-245 | 第135-136页 |
| 7． 2． 3 The effects of different mixed chemicals （0．1%, acetone 1%）on the photolytic rate of chlorpyrifos under UV-245 | 第136-138页 |
| 7． 3 DISCUSSION | 第138-140页 |
| REFERENCES | 第140-144页 |
| CONCLUSION | 第144页 |
