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Direct Tax and Its Influence on Economic Growth and Household Consumption Expenditures:A Comparative Study of Pakistan and China

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT第5-13页
摘要第13-16页
ABSTRACT第16-17页
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION第18-49页
    1.1. Background of the Study第18-20页
    1.2. History of Taxation in Pakistan第20-22页
        1.2.1. Fiscal Policy Development第21-22页
    1.3. History of Taxation in China第22-25页
    1.4 Taxation Structure of Pakistan and China第25-29页
        1.4.1. Personal and Corporate Income Tax Structure in China and Pakistan第26-29页
    1.5. How taxes affect an economy?第29-30页
    1.6. Tax to GDP Ratio in Pakistan and China第30-34页
    1.7. Tax and Economic Growth第34-37页
    1.8. Theoretical Framework第37-39页
        1.8.1. How changes in tax affect economic growth?第38-39页
            1.8.1.1. Exogenous growth (Taxes and factor accumulation)第38页
            1.8.1.2. Endogenous growth第38-39页
    1.9. Why there is a difference between Pakistan and China in the way that taxes affecteconomic growth?第39-44页
    1.10. Household Consumption Expenditures第44-47页
    1.12. Motivation of study第47-48页
    1.13. Significance of the Study第48页
    1.14. Objectives of the Study第48-49页
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW第49-79页
    2.1. Introduction第49页
    2.2. Theoretical Literature第49-53页
        2.2.1 Theories of Taxation and Economic Growth第49-53页
            2.2.1.1. Solow's Theory of Economic Growth第49-50页
            2.2.1.2. Endogenous Growth Model第50-52页
            2.2.1.3. Exogenous Growth Model第52-53页
    2.3. Empirical Literature Review第53-74页
    2.4. Empirical Literature on Personal Income Tax and Household ConsumptionExpenditures第74-79页
CHAPTER 3 DATA AND METHODOLOGY第79-100页
    3.1. Introduction第79页
    3.2. Data and Variables Description第79-82页
        3.2.1. Real GDP per capita (RGDP)第80页
        3.2.2. Personal Income Tax & Corporate Income Tax第80-81页
        3.2.3. Consumer price Index (CPI)第81页
        3.2.4. Dependency Ratio (DEP)第81页
        3.2.5. Investment第81页
        3.2.6. Household Consumption Expenditures (HCE)第81页
        3.2.7. Disposable Income (DY)第81页
        3.2.8. Savings (SAV)第81-82页
    3.3. Theoretical framework第82-84页
    3.4. Specification of the Models第84-85页
        3.4.1. Economic Growth Model第84-85页
        3.4.2. Household Consumption Expenditure Model第85页
    3.5. Hypothesis第85页
    3.6. Estimation Technique第85-92页
        3.6.1. Unit Root Test第85-88页
        3.6.2. Co-Integration第88-89页
        3.6.3. Johansen Approach to co-integration第89-91页
            3.6.3.1. Maximum Eigen value Test第89-90页
            3.6.3.2. Trace Test第90-91页
        3.6.4. Bound Test第91页
        3.6.5. Lag Selection Criteria第91-92页
            3.6.5.1. Schwarz Information Criteria (SIC)/Bayes Information Criteria (BIC)第91页
            3.6.5.2. Akaik Information Criteria (AIC)第91-92页
    3.7. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach第92-96页
        3.7.1. The Long Run Coefficients of ARDL approach第95-96页
    3.8. Error Correction Model ECM)第96-97页
        3.8.1. The Short Run ARDL Model第96-97页
    3.9. Stability Test第97-100页
        3.9.1. Recursive Residuals and the CUSUM Test第98-100页
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION第100-122页
    4.1. Introduction第100页
    4.2. Descriptive/Summary Statistics of Variables第100-102页
    4.3. Economic Growth Model第102-108页
        4.3.1. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Test第102-103页
        4.3.2. ARDL approach to co-integration第103页
        4.3.3. Bound Test第103-108页
    4.4. The Combine Model of Taxation第108-114页
        4.4.1. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Test第108-109页
        4.4.2. Johansen's co-integration technique第109-114页
    4.5. Household Consumption Expenditure Model第114-119页
        4.5.1. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Test第114-115页
        4.5.2. ARDL approach to Co-integration第115页
        4.5.3. Bound Test第115-119页
    4.6. Stability Tests第119-122页
CHAPTER 5SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, POLICY IMPLICATION ANDLIMITATIONS OF STUDY第122-126页
    5.1. Summary第122-123页
    5.2. Conclusion第123-125页
    5.3. Policy Implication第125页
    5.4. Limitations of Study第125-126页
REFERENCES第126-138页
学位论文评阅及答辩情况表第138页

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