| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第4-5页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第5-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-9页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第9-10页 |
| TABLE OF CONTENTS | 第10-14页 |
| LIST OF FIGURES | 第14-19页 |
| LIST OF TABLES | 第19-20页 |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE SURVEY | 第20-38页 |
| 1.1.Introduction and Emergence of Nanotechnology | 第20-21页 |
| 1.1.1.What is nanoscience and nanotechnology? | 第20页 |
| 1.1.2.Emergence of Nanotechnology | 第20-21页 |
| 1.2.Properties and Applications of silver nanoparticles | 第21-23页 |
| 1.2.1.Properties of silver nanoparticles | 第21页 |
| 1.2.2.Applications of silver nanoparticles | 第21-23页 |
| 1.2.2.1.Antibacterial applications | 第21-22页 |
| 1.2.2.2.Antiviral applications | 第22页 |
| 1.2.2.3.Medical applications | 第22页 |
| 1.2.2.4.Catalytic applications | 第22-23页 |
| 1.2.2.5.Other applications | 第23页 |
| 1.3.Preparation methods of silver nanoparticles | 第23-35页 |
| 1.3.1.Chemical methods | 第24-28页 |
| 1.3.1.1.Reduction of silver ions in the presence of reducing agent NaBH4 | 第24-25页 |
| 1.3.1.2.Reduction of silver nitrate with ethylene glycol | 第25-26页 |
| 1.3.1.3.Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Pyrolysis | 第26-27页 |
| 1.3.1.4.The reverse micelle method | 第27页 |
| 1.3.1.5.Sonochemical method | 第27页 |
| 1.3.1.6.Microwave irradiation | 第27-28页 |
| 1.3.2.Physical methods | 第28-29页 |
| 1.3.3.Biological methods | 第29-35页 |
| 1.3.3.1.Using microorganisms | 第29-34页 |
| 1.3.3.2.Using Plant Biomass | 第34-35页 |
| 1.4.Factors affecting the biosynthesis process of silver nanoparticles | 第35-37页 |
| 1.4.1 Effect of Temperature | 第35-36页 |
| 1.4.2 Effect of pH | 第36页 |
| 1.4.3 Effect of biomass Concentration | 第36页 |
| 1.4.4 Effect of Reaction Time | 第36-37页 |
| 1.5.Aim,significance and content of this study | 第37-38页 |
| CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第38-45页 |
| 2.1.Reagents and instruments | 第38页 |
| 2.2.Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aleurites moluccana leaves | 第38-40页 |
| 2.2.1.Preparation of A.moluccana leaf biomass and reagents | 第39页 |
| 2.2.2.Preparation of silver nanoparticles | 第39-40页 |
| 2.2.2.1 Preparation of silver nanoparticles at different pH | 第39页 |
| 2.2.2.2 Preparation of silver nanoparticles at different A.moluccana biomass concentrations | 第39-40页 |
| 2.2.2.3 Preparation of silver nanoparticles at different temperature | 第40页 |
| 2.2.2.4 Preparation of silver nanoparticles at different rotate rate | 第40页 |
| 2.3.Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using yeast pichia pastoris GS115 | 第40-42页 |
| 2.3.1 Preparation of P.pastoris biomass and reagents | 第40-41页 |
| 2.3.2 Preparation of silver nanoparticles | 第41-42页 |
| 2.3.2.1 Preparation of silver nanoparticles at different pH values | 第41页 |
| 2.3.2.2 Preparation of silver nanoparticles at different P.pastoris biomass concentration | 第41页 |
| 2.3.2.3 Preparation of silver nanoparticles at different temperature | 第41页 |
| 2.3.2.4 Preparation of silver nanoparticles at different rotate rates | 第41-42页 |
| 2.4 Methods of characterization | 第42-45页 |
| 2.4.1 Visual Inspection | 第42-43页 |
| 2.4.2 UV-Vis spectra analysis | 第43页 |
| 2.4.3 Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)analysis | 第43-44页 |
| 2.4.4 TEM characterization of silver nanoparticles | 第44页 |
| 2.4.5 SEM characterization | 第44-45页 |
| CHAPTER 3 BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING ALEURITES MOLUCCANA LEAF BIOMASS | 第45-84页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第45-46页 |
| 3.2 Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized by A.moluccana leaf | 第46-50页 |
| 3.2.1.UV-Vis spectroscopy results | 第46-47页 |
| 3.2.2.TEM results | 第47-48页 |
| 3.2.3.FTIR spectroscopy results | 第48-50页 |
| 3.3 Effect of synthesizing conditions on the synthesis process of silver nanoparticles | 第50-83页 |
| 3.3.1.Effect of reaction time | 第50-55页 |
| 3.3.2.Effect of pH on the synthesis process of silver nanoparticles | 第55-61页 |
| 3.3.3.Effect of biomass concentration | 第61-72页 |
| 3.3.3.1.Volume of 0.1M silver nitrate fixed at 1ml | 第61-64页 |
| 3.3.3.2.Volume of 0.1M silver nitrate fixed at 2ml | 第64-67页 |
| 3.3.3.3.Volume of 0.1M silver nitrate fixed at 3ml | 第67-70页 |
| 3.3.3.4.Volume of 0.1M silver nitrate fixed at 4ml | 第70-72页 |
| 3.3.4.Effect of temperature | 第72-76页 |
| 3.3.5.Effect of rotate rate | 第76-83页 |
| 3.4 Summery | 第83-84页 |
| CHAPTER 4 BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING DEAD YEAST(pichia Pastoris) | 第84-110页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第84页 |
| 4.2 Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized by pichia pastoris | 第84-88页 |
| 4.2.1.UV-VIS spectroscopy results | 第84-85页 |
| 4.2.2.SEM results | 第85-86页 |
| 4.2.3.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) | 第86-88页 |
| 4.2.3.1.FTIR analysis of dried biomass of pichia pastoris before and after bioreduction | 第86-87页 |
| 4.2.3.2.FTIR analysis of silver nanopanicles produced by P.pastoris biomass | 第87-88页 |
| 4.3 Effect of synthesizing conditions on the synthesis process of silver Nanoparticles | 第88-109页 |
| 4.3.1.Effect of reaction time | 第88-90页 |
| 4.3.2.Effect of pH | 第90-97页 |
| 4.3.2.1.Using O.1M silver nitrate solution as source of silver ions | 第90-94页 |
| 4.3.2.2.Using O.1M silver Amine solution as source of silver ions | 第94-97页 |
| 4.3.3.Effect of biomass concentration | 第97-102页 |
| 4.3.4.Effect of temperature | 第102-104页 |
| 4.3.5.Effect of rotate rate | 第104-106页 |
| 4.3.6.Effect of silver amine ratio to biomass | 第106-109页 |
| 4.4 Summary | 第109-110页 |
| CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS | 第110-112页 |
| References | 第112-118页 |
