| Acknowledgement | 第5-6页 |
| Dedication | 第6-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-8页 |
| Abstract | 第8页 |
| Abbreviation | 第13-14页 |
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 第14-30页 |
| 1.1 Background of the Research | 第14-16页 |
| 1.2 Statement of the Problem | 第16-18页 |
| 1.3 Research Objectives | 第18页 |
| 1.4 Research Questions | 第18-19页 |
| 1.5 Significance of the Study | 第19页 |
| 1.6 Literature Review | 第19-22页 |
| 1.7 Research Methodology | 第22-29页 |
| 1.8 Limitation of the Study | 第29-30页 |
| 2. GENDER PERSPECTIVES ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT | 第30-41页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第30-31页 |
| 2.2 Empowerment Theory | 第31-32页 |
| 2.3 Feminist Political and Economic Approach | 第32-34页 |
| 2.4 Culturally Biased Perspective | 第34-36页 |
| 2.5 Global Review of Gender Inequality in Leadership | 第36-39页 |
| 2.6 Summary and Implications | 第39-41页 |
| 3. ENDANGERED DEMOCRACY, GENDER AND LEADERSHIP INTANZANIA | 第41-53页 |
| 3.1 Women's Participation in Political Leadership | 第41-43页 |
| 3.2 Socio-Cultural Realities and Woman in Political Parties | 第43-44页 |
| 3.3 Electoral Regimes and Women's Participation in Politics | 第44-46页 |
| 3.4 Political Parties and Women in Leadership Positions | 第46-50页 |
| 3.5 Gender Equity in Leadership Positions | 第50-52页 |
| 3.6 Conclusion | 第52-53页 |
| 4. CHALLENGES FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND ATTAINMENTOF LEADERSHIP POSITIONS | 第53-75页 |
| 4.1 Presentation and Analysis of Results | 第53-58页 |
| 4.2 Background Information | 第58-60页 |
| 4.3 Challenges Faced By Political Parties in Empowering Women | 第60-75页 |
| 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 第75-83页 |
| 5.1 Summary | 第75-76页 |
| 5.2 Conclusion | 第76页 |
| 5.3 Recommendations | 第76-82页 |
| 5.4 Limitations of the Study | 第82页 |
| 5.5 Suggestions for Further Research | 第82-83页 |
| REFERENCES | 第83-91页 |
| Appendix | 第91-93页 |
